炮口制退器研究现状及发展趋势

The Present and Future of the Research on Muzzle Brakes

炮口制退器是火炮反后坐装置之一,通过后效期火药气体的冲击,能够显著减小火炮后坐动能,降低火炮后坐力,有利于提高射击精度和射速等,但同时也会产生炮口冲击波、噪声等危害。按结构特点将炮口制退器分为冲击式、反作用式和冲击反作用式3种类型,总结了一种适用于多种炮口制退器制退效率的计算方法。研究了炮口制退器的国内外发展现状,对比了各国主力火炮所采用的炮口制退器的类型,并提出了炮口制退器的轻量化、高效低危害、结构优化、高性能涂层、增强数值仿真能力等发展趋势,对炮口制退器的发展具有一定的参考意义。

The muzzle brake is part of the recoil system of an artillery weapon.Through the impact of the gunpowder gas in the after-effect period,it can significantly reduce the recoil kinetic energy and the recoil force of the gun,which is beneficial to improving the firing accuracy and the firing rate.However,muzzle brakes can also produce muzzle shock waves and noise.This paper divides muzzle brakes into three types according to their structural characteristics:impact,counteractive and impact-counteractive.It summarizes a method for calculating muzzle brake efficiency,studies the development status of muzzle brakes at home and abroad,compares the types of muzzle brakes used in the major artillery weapons of various countries,and demonstrates the development trends of muzzle brakes such as weight reduction,high efficiency,low adverse effects,structural optimization,high performance coa-ting,and enhanced numerical simulation capabilities.The paper can serve as a reference to the develop-ment of muzzle brakes.