摘要
Host pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)recognize invading viral pathogens and initiate a series of signaling cascades that lead to the expression of type I interferons(IFNs)and inflammatory cytokines.During the past decade,significant progresses have been made to characterize PRRs such as Toll-like receptors(TLRs)and RIG-I-like receptors(RLRs)and elucidate the molecular mechanisms of TLR-and RLR-mediated signaling.To avoid excessive and harmful immune effects caused by over-activation of these signaling pathways,host cells adopt a number of strategies to regulate them.In addition,invading viruses also employ a variety of mechanisms to inhibit the production of type I IFNs,thereby evading the supervision and clearance by the host.In this review,we briefly summarize the TLR-and RLR-mediated type I IFN signaling and then focus on the mechanisms by which host cellular and viral components regulate the expression of type I IFNs.
基金
The work in the authors’laboratory was supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2006CB504301 and 2010CB911802)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.30630019,30700431 and 30921001)
the Chinese National Science and Technology Major Project(No.2008ZX10002-014).
