“三华”油茶果实生长发育特征研究

Study on the fruit development and growth characteristics in Camellia oleifera varieties of“Huajin”,“Huaxin”and“Huashuo”

油茶是以收获果实为主要目标的经济树种,其果实的采摘时间影响其出油率及茶油品质,因此,研究油茶果实的生长发育特征,在油茶生产上具有重要意义。本研究以“华金”“华鑫”“华硕”油茶的果实为试验材料,分析其生长发育特征。结果表明:3个品种油茶果实的纵径和横径在果实发育前期(7—9月)均有不同程度的持续增大,其中“华硕”和“华鑫”油茶果实的纵径和横径在果实发育后期(9月21日以后)的增大幅度均变小,“华金”油茶果实的纵径和横径在果实发育后期(10月3日以后)的增大幅度变大。果实发育成熟(10月30日)时的鲜果质量表现为“华硕”的>“华金”的>“华鑫”的,“华硕”的与其他2个品种的差异显著,“华金”的与“华鑫”的差异不显著;干籽质量表现为“华金”的>“华鑫”的>“华硕”的。干籽质量与果实的发育时间、鲜果质量、果皮鲜质量、果皮干质量、鲜籽质量、鲜籽出干籽率、果实纵径、果实横径等均呈极显著正相关关系,鲜果质量与果实的发育时间、果皮厚度、果皮鲜质量、果皮干质量、鲜籽质量、干籽质量、鲜出籽率、鲜籽出干籽率、果实纵径、果实横径等均呈极显著正相关关系。

Camellia oleifera is an economic tree species with the main goal of harvesting fruits,the picking time of C.oleifera fruit can affect its oil yield and oil quality.Therefore,studying the growth and development characteristics of C.oleifera fruit is of great significance in C.oleifera production.In this study,three varieties of C.oleifera fruits,“Huajin”,“Huaxin”and“Huashuo”were used as experimental materials to analyze their fruit development and growth characteristics.The results showed that the vertical and horizontal diameters of the three varieties of C.oleifera fruits continued to increase to varying degrees during the early stage of fruit development(July to September),while the increase in C.oleifera“Huashuo”and C.oleifera“Huaxin”was decreased in the late stage of fruit development(after September 21st),while the increase in C.oleifera“Huajin”was increased in the late stage of fruit development(after October 3rd).The fresh fruit weight at the time of fruit development and maturity(October 30th)was characterized by C.oleifera“Huashuo”>C.oleifera“Huajin”>C.oleifera“Huaxin”.The difference between C.oleifera“Huashuo”and the other two varieties was significant,while the difference between C.oleifera“Huajin”and C.oleifera“Huaxin”was not significant;The quality of dried seeds obviously showed C.oleifera“Huajin”>C.oleifera“Huaxin”>C.oleifera“Huashuo”.The dry seed weight was highly significantly positively correlated with development time,fresh fruit weight,fresh skin weight,dry skin weight,fresh seed weight,dry seed yield,fruit longitudinal diameter,and fruit transverse diameter.The fresh fruit quality is highly significantly positively correlated with development time,skin thickness,fresh skin weight,dry skin weight,fresh seed weight,dry seed weight,fresh seed yield,dry seed yield,fruit longitudinal diameter,and fruit transverse diameter.