大昭寺木作“叉手”考辨

A Textual Research on the"Cha Shou":A Wooden Structure Adopted in Jokhang Monastery's Buildings

大昭寺一层中心佛殿后壁正中小室前的一组木作构件被命名为“叉手”,属于汉式建筑风格,其形制颇为特殊。梳理汉地叉手的演变过程发现,大昭寺叉手与汉地唐宋时期叉手构件有所区别,而与南北朝时期敦煌壁画中的人字栱构件更为相似。后弘期初期藏地出现该类汉式建筑构件,可能与吐蕃时期重要佛教建筑桑耶寺和后弘期初期河西敦煌地区佛教对藏地的影响有一定关系。

"Cha Shou",a wooden structure adopted in a small chamber which locates at middle of the central Buddhist hall's back wall in Jokhang Monastery's first floor.This unique wooden structure belongs to traditional Chinese architectural style.Through sorting out the evolution process of this"Cha Shou"architectural structure,the author finds out that there are diferences between traditional Chinese styles in Tang and Song Dynasties and that in Jokhang Monastery.And this"Cha Shou"architectural structure in Jokhang Monastery is more similar to the architectural structure in Dunhuang murals during the Southern and Northern Dynasties period.The emergence of such traditional Han-style architectural components in Tibet at the early stage of second propagation of Buddhism period could related to the influence of Dunhuang's Buddhism.And it could also be influenced by the architectural style of the Samye Monastery which is one of the most important Tibetan Buddhist monasteries.