Proteomics characteristics of rice leaves in response to environmental factors

Rice is an important food crop worldwide.Its productivity has been influenced by various abiotic and biotic factors including temperature,drought,salt,microbe,ozone,hormone and glyphosate.The responses of plants to stress are regulated by multiple signaling pathways,and the mechanisms of leaf growth and development in response to stress remain unclear to date.Recently,proteomics studies have provided new evidence for better understanding the mechanisms.The proteins in response to different stress conditions are mainly involved in photosynthesis,signal transduction,transcription,protein synthesis and destination,defense response,cytoskeleton,energy,cell wall and other metabolism.In addition,some stress type-specific proteins have been identified,such as small heat shock proteins under temperature stress,S-like RNase homolog and actin depolymerizing factor under drought stress,ascorbate peroxidase and lipid peroxidation under salt stress,probenazole-inducible protein and rice pathogenesis-related proteins under blast fungus.Many of the proteins including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase(RuBisCO),molecular chaperones,antioxidases and S-adenosylmethionine synthetase play very important roles in leaves.This paper reviews the proteomic characterization of rice leaves in response to various environmental factors.