冬季绿肥对江西猕猴桃园土壤养分和果实品质的影响

Effects of winter green manures on soil nutrient and fruit quality of kiwifruit in Jiangxi

为探讨不同绿肥对猕猴桃园土壤养分、产量和果实品质的影响,在江西猕猴桃园间作冬季绿肥,设置自然生草(CK)、箭筈豌豆(VS)、肥田萝卜(RS)、油菜(BN)、毛叶苕子(VV)和黑麦草(LP)6个处理,盛花期前测产并翻压,连续两年测定果实成熟期各处理土壤养分,翻压次年测定猕猴桃产量和果实品质。结果表明:(1)各绿肥处理均可显著提高土壤养分和pH,随时间推移呈下降趋势,0~20 cm土层土壤以LP、VS、VV培肥效果较全面,20~40 cm土层土壤以BN、VV、VS培肥效果较好;(2)各绿肥处理可显著提高果实单果重6.65%~10.75%,降低果实可滴定酸含量5.94%~18.81%,VS、VV果实可溶性固形物和抗坏血酸含量最高,分别为16.67%、16.23%和181.55、176.99 mg/g,较CK分别提高了24.40%、21.12%和13.77%、10.91%,果实干物质、可溶性糖含量以VS(19.31%、17.75%)和LP(19.01%、14.90%)最高,较CK分别提高了26.62%、66.04%和24.66%、39.38%;(3)综合各绿肥处理对土壤养分、产量和果实品质等方面的因素,江西‘红阳’猕猴桃园间作并翻压以VS最佳,VV和LP次之,且二者效果相当。

In order to explore the effects of different green manures on soil nutrients,yield and fruit quality in kiwifruit orchard,six treatments were set up in Jiangxi province,including intercropping different green manures(Vicia sativa L.,Raphanus sativus L.,Brassica napus L.,Vicia villosa Roth,Lolium perenne L.,marked as VS,RS,BN,VV,LP,respectively)and using natural grass as contro(CK).The yields of green manures were measured and overturned before full flowering stage.Soil nutrients were measured for two consecutive years,and fruit quality was measured at fruit ripening period in 2021.The results showed that:(1)Green manure treatments significantly increased soil nutrients and pH,and showed a downward trend with the overturning time.LP,VS and VV had a comprehensive effect on the fertility of 0~20 cm layer soil,and BN,VV and VS had a better effect on the fertility of 20~40 cm layer soil.(2)The green manure treatments significantly increased the single fruit weight by 6.65%~10.75%,and reduced the titratable acid content by 5.94%~18.81%.The soluble solid content(16.67%,16.23%)and ascrobic acid content(181.55,176.99 mg/g)of VS and VV were the highest,which were 24.40%,21.12%and 13.77%,10.91%higher than CK,respectively.The dry matter content and soluble sugar content of VS(19.31%and 17.75%)and LP(19.01%and 14.90%)were the highest,which increased by 26.62%,66.04%and 24.66%,39.38%,respectively,compared with CK.(3)According to the different green manure treatments on soil nutrients,yield,fruit quality and economic benefits,the effect of VS in kiwifruit orchard of‘Hongyang’in Jiangxi province was the best,followed by VV and LP,and their effects were equivalent.