湖泊沉积物中重金属环境行为研究进展

Environmental Behaviors of Heavy Metals in Lake Sediments:A Review

湖泊是由固-液两相组成的复合生态系统,重金属是导致湖泊生态系统中生物网面临巨大威胁的主要污染物。其中湖泊沉积物作为污染物的最终汇集地和内在源头,因此开展重金属在湖泊沉积物中的迁移转化规律研究是保护水环境质量的重要基础。本文以环境自身为主体,综述了湖泊重金属污染现状,探讨湖泊沉积物中重金属的环境行为特征,对重金属在沉积物-水相界面之间的迁移转化规律及其影响因素进行系统介绍,并针对目前的研究不足提出展望,为湖泊水环境生态保护工作提供理论支撑,旨在防治重金属污染与生态保护并重。

Lakes are complex ecological systems composed of solid-liquid phases,and heavy metals are the main pollutants that pose a huge threat to the ecological food web in lakes.Among them,lake sediment as the ultimate collection and endogenous source of pollutants is essential to study the migration and transformation of heavy metals in lake sediment in order to protect the water environmental quality.This article outlines the current status of heavy metal pollution in lakes from an environmental perspective and explores the environmental behavior characteristics of heavy metals in lake sediments.A systematic introduction is made to the migration and transformation rules of heavy metals between sediment-water interface and their influencing factors.Furthermore,suggestions and prospects are raised for the current research shortcomings,which aim to provide theoretical support for the protection of lake water environment and ecological conservation with a view to prevention of heavy metal pollution and ecological protection.