北美新均势下的美英渔业纷争管窥

The Fishery Dispute Between the United States and Britain in the New Balance of Power in North America

美国独立后至第一次世界大战前的美英和平关系,学界有美英同源论、欧洲优先论、英国衰落论、美国和平崛起说四种学说。美英霸权的和平转移是近代国际关系史的重要组成部分。七年战争、美国独立战争和美英第二次战争重新塑造了北美的均势。美英双方都意识到任何一方都将无力改变现有的局势,和平的协商是处理双方矛盾的唯一手段。为此双方就纽芬兰渔业的纷争进行了协商处理,设立双方都能表达各自意愿的仲裁委员会以解决双方矛盾。但是,这一特殊的仲裁委员会的设立开启了长达近一个世纪的美英纽芬兰渔业纷争。

There are four theories about the peaceful relations between the United States and the United Kingdom from the independ-ence of the United States to the First World War:the theory of American homology,the theory of European priority,the theory of British decline and the theory of the peaceful rise of the United States.The peaceful transfer of American and British hegemony is an important part of moderm intermational relations history.The Seven Years'War,the American War of Independence and the Second Anglo-American War reshaped the balance of power in North America.Both sides realized that neither side would be able to change the curent situation,and that peaceful consultation was the only means to resolve their conflicts.For this end,the two sides negotiated the dispute over Newfound-land fisheries,and tried to set up an arbitration commission where both sides could express their wishes to arbitrate the conflict.But the es-tablishment of the special arbitration committee also marked the beginning of a century-long fishing dispute between the United States,the United Kingdom,and the Newfoundland.