重点产业政策,央地政策差异与产业全球价值链升级

Key Industrial Policy and the Upgrading of Global Value Chains:An Analysis Based on the Perspective of Domestic Value-Added Ratio

产业规划为全球价值链升级提供重要推力,是政府实现内循环与外循环良性协作的重要手段之一,而不同层级政府的政策实施方向则体现了国家发展战略与地方比较优势之间的平衡。文章基于海关数据和重点产业政策数据,利用工具变量法探究央地产业规划差异对出口企业价值链升级的影响和作用渠道。结果表明,中央产业规划通过提高一般贸易的国内增加值率(DVAR)来推动产业全球价值链升级,而地方产业规划则通过提高加工贸易的DVAR这一折衷路径来实现升级效应。此外,还发现升级效应在企业所有制类型和经营规模中存在异质性,而国内要素占比、生产率和创新效率是传导差异升级效应的重要渠道。文章揭示了不同层级政府在产业全球价值链升级中的差异化效用,为未来产业规划政策的实施空间与调整方向提供了新的视角与思路。

Industrial planning provides an important boost for the upgrading of global value chains,and is one of the important means to realize the collaboration between the domestic circle and the international circle.The policy implementation direction of different levels of governments reflects the balance between national development strategy and local comparative advantages.Utilizing China’s customs data,Chinese annual survey of industrial firms and key industrial policies data from 2000 to 2013,we explore the relationship between key industrial policies and the domestic value-added rate of exports.The empirical analysis shows that there are obvious differences between the central and provincial key industrial policies in terms of policy objectives and implementation performance.The central key industrial policies promote the domestic value-added rate(DVAR)of ordinary trade,but restrain to the DVAR of processing trade.On the contrary,the provincial key industrial policies promote the DVAR of processing trade and restrain the DVAR of ordinary trade.Heterogeneity analysis show that,the effects of key industrial policies on the upgrading of the GVC are significant only for foreign enterprises,and the central and provincial key industrial policies promote the upgrading of the GVC through big firms and small firms respectively.The results of the mechanism reveal that central key industrial policies will increase the proportion of domestic factors,reduce total factor productivity and innovation efficiency,in the process of promoting the DVAR of ordinary trade,while provincial key industrial policies raise the DVAR of processing trade mainly by increasing the proportion of domestic factors.Our study not only makes a useful supplement to the research on the relationship between key industrial policies and domestic value-added rates,but also provides a feasible path support for the future adjustment direction of key industrial policies,which is meaningful for policy maker.This paper supports“positive government”,and affirms the differences in the direction of different levels of government in promoting the upgrading of GVC.However,the goal difference of central and provincial government will offset the effect of two kinds of key industrial polices to a certain extent.Therefore,when formulating industrial plans,the central government should make overall plans,while provincial governments should not blindly follow.