数字经济时代的虚拟集聚与制造业技术创新——来自我国城市群的经验证据

Virtual Agglomeration and Manufacturing Technology Innovation in the Digital Economy Era:Empirical Evidence from Urban Agglomerations in China

制造业是一国经济之根本,加快推进我国从制造业大国转变为制造业强国,是我国经济谋求高质量发展的必然选择,而这一转变对技术创新的需求更为旺盛。随着数字经济时代的到来,以数字技术为核心的虚拟集聚正成为新的产业组织形态,将为我国制造业技术创新带来新动能和新引领。文章利用2014—2018年OECD世界投入产出数据、我国投入产出数据与制造业上市公司数据,检验城市群虚拟集聚对企业技术创新能力的影响。研究表明:(1)虚拟集聚水平提升可促进城市群制造业技术创新快速发展。相比于单一的传统集聚,虚拟集聚与传统集聚叠加效应对制造业技术创新能力的影响效果更为显著。(2)从地理区位上看,相比东部城市群,中西部城市群虚拟集聚对制造业技术创新的影响效应更加凸显;从产权性质上看,国有制造业企业的创新行为对虚拟集聚效应更为敏感;从产业类型上看,虚拟集聚对一般制造业技术创新的影响大于先进制造业。(3)当城市群整体虚拟集聚水平提升时,中心城市制造业技术创新受益更加明显;相较于城市群中心城市,非中心城市虚拟集聚水平提升对制造业技术创新的促进作用更为突出。因此,在推进城市群一体化建设进程中应加快制造业集群数字化转型,着力提升城市群虚拟集聚水平,促进产业地理集聚与虚拟集聚有效融合,以提升制造业技术创新发展水平。

The manufacturing industry is the foundation of a country's economy.Accelerating the transformation of China from a manufacturing powerhouse to a manufacturing powerhouse is an inevitable choice for China's economy to seek high-quality development,and this transformation has a stronger demand for technological innovation.With the advent of the digital economy era,virtual agglomeration with digital technology as the core is becoming a new form of industrial organization,which will bring new momentum and leadership to technological innovation in China's manufacturing industry.The article uses OECD world input-output data from 2014 to 2018,China's input-output data,and manufacturing listed company data to examine the impact of virtual agglomeration in urban agglomerations on enterprise technological innovation capabilities.Research has shown that:(1)Improving the level of virtual agglomeration can promote the rapid development of manufacturing technology innovation in urban agglomerations.Compared to a single traditional agglomeration,the combined effect of virtual agglomeration and traditional agglomeration has a more significant impact on the technological innovation capability of the manufacturing industry.(2)From a geographical perspective,compared to the eastern urban agglomeration,the impact of virtual agglomeration in the central and western urban agglomeration on manufacturing technology innovation is more prominent;From the perspective of property rights,the innovation behavior of state-owned manufacturing enterprises is more sensitive to the virtual agglomeration effect;From the perspective of industry types,virtual agglomeration has a greater impact on technological innovation in general manufacturing than in advanced manufacturing.(3)When the overall level of virtual agglomeration in urban agglomerations improves,the benefits of manufacturing technology innovation in central cities become more apparent;Compared to central cities in urban agglomerations,the improvement of virtual agglomeration level in non central cities has a more prominent promoting effect on manufacturing technology innovation.Therefore,in the process of promoting the integration of urban agglomerations,it is necessary to enhance the level of digital economy development and promote the integration of industrial geographic agglomeration and virtual agglomeration.Accelerate the Digital transformation and upgrading of manufacturing clusters,promote the digital and intellectual transformation of enterprises,focus on improving the level of virtual agglomeration of urban agglomeration,focus on strengthening the construction of information infrastructure in non central cities of urban agglomeration,eliminate the digital environment difference between central cities and non central cities,and actively promote the construction of virtual industrial parks.The main innovation and contribution of this article are reflected in two aspects:firstly,based on the level of urban agglomeration,the level of virtual agglomeration is measured,and manufacturing listed companies within the urban agglomeration are used as research samples to accurately measure the level of virtual agglomeration in urban agglomeration and its impact on technological innovation;Secondly,from the perspective of virtual agglomeration,manufacturing specialization agglomeration,and their superposition agglomeration,this paper depicts the multiple paths of the impact of virtual and real agglomeration of urban agglomerations on technological innovation of manufacturing enterprises in the context of digital economy,providing feasible suggestions for promoting the high-quality development of China's manufacturing industry and promoting the high-level construction of urban agglomerations.