是绿色虹吸还是绿色涓滴:低碳试点政策对绿色技术创新的邻里效应研究

Green Siphon or Green Trickle:Neighborhood Effect of Low-Carbon Pilot Policies on Green Technology Innovation

绿色技术创新是实现绿色低碳发展模式的关键力量,是协调经济增长与环境保护的关键因素,而在绿色转型过程中各地发展不均衡不一致现象逐渐显现。文章将低碳城市试点政策作为一项准自然实验,基于2005—2018年中国沪深股市A股上市公司的绿色专利数据,采用空间双重差分模型检验了该试点政策对绿色技术创新的邻里效应及内在机制。研究发现,试点政策在促进本地绿色技术创新的同时,遏制了邻地绿色技术创新水平,且遏制作用主要体现在绿色发明专利申请上;城市创新能力越强、绿色发展程度越高,试点政策对邻地绿色技术创新的遏制作用越突出,这就造成了“以邻为壑”的不平衡局面。传导机制上,试点政策通过推动产业结构升级和吸引外商直接投资促进了本地绿色技术创新,通过抑制邻地产业结构升级并挤出邻地外商直接投资遏制了邻地绿色技术创新。邻里效应分解进一步表明,试点政策对邻近控制组城市绿色技术创新具有显著遏制作用,而处理组城市之间表现出正向溢出效应。文章对进一步完善相关低碳政策、促进地区绿色技术创新平衡发展提出了可行建议。

Green technology innovation is a key force to realize low-carbon development mode and a key factor to coordinate economic growth and environmental protection.However,imbalance and inconsistent development in different regions has gradually emerged in the process of green transformation.This paper takes the low-carbon city pilot policies as a quasi-natural experiment.Based on the green patent data of A-share listed companies in China's Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets from 2005 to 2018,the spatial difference-in-difference approach is used to test the neighborhood effect and internal mechanism of the pilot policies on green technology innovation.The research results show that the pilot policies promote local green technology innovation while restraining the level of green technology innovation in neighboring areas and the negative effect is mainly reflected in green invention patent application.The stronger the innovation capacity of a city is,the higher the degree of green development is,the more prominent the restraining effect of low-carbon city pilot policies on green technology innovation in neighboring areas is,which leads to the“beggar-thy-neighbor”imbalance.From the perspective of mechanism,the low-carbon city pilot policies promoted the local green technology innovation by upgrading the industrial structure and attracting foreign direct investment,while the policies restrained the green technology innovation by inhibiting industrial structure upgrading and crowding out foreign direct investment in neighboring areas.Further neighborhood effect decomposition shows that the pilot policies have a significant negative effect on green technology innovation in neighboring control group cities,while the treatment group shows a positive spillover effect among cities.This paper puts forward feasible suggestions for further improving relevant low-carbon policies and promoting the regional balanced development of green technology innovation.