清末民初典型理论嬗变探微

Initiation,Development and Extension of Typical Theories in Late Qing Dynasty and Early Republic of China

清末民初典型理论的发展按时序可分为起始(1897—1906)、发展(1907—1910)、深化(1911—1917)三个阶段。起始阶段以新小说派的典型理论为主,代表人物是梁启超、严复、夏曾佑等,他们的典型理论在救亡图存的时代背景下注重典型的社会效用;发展阶段以小说林派的典型理论为主,代表人物是徐念慈、黄人,他们注意到了典型的审美特性,对形象内涵和典型塑造提出了许多精彩的见解;深化阶段以综合派的典型理论为主,代表人物是管达如、吕成之,他们系统地阐释了典型的生成过程,揭示了细节传神的根本原因。探索三个阶段典型理论的成就、局限和经验,不仅有利于我们对清末民初典型理论的理解与把握,而且对建构具有中国特色的典型理论有着重要的借鉴意义。

The development of the typical theories in the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China can be divided into three stages:initiation(1897-1906),development(1907-1911),and extension(1910-1917).The stage of initiation is based on the typical theories of the New Novel School,represented by Liang Qichao,Yan Fu,Xia Zengyou,etc.Under the social background of saving the nation from extinction,their typical theories focus on the social function of literature.The stage of decelopment is dominated by the typical theories of the Lin School of fiction,and the representative figures are Xu Nianci and Huang Ren.They pay attention to the typical aesthetic char-acteristics and put forward many specific opinions on the connotation of the image and the typical shaping.The stage of extension gives priority to the typical theories of the comprehensive school,with the representatives Guan Daru and LYU Chengzhi,who systematically explain the formation process of the typical and reveal the root cause of detail description.Investigating and exploring the achievements,limitations and experiences of the three stages is conducive to understand and grasp the typical theories in the late Qing dynasty and the early Republic of China,and is of great significance for the construction of the typical theories with Chinese characteristics.