miR-181基因家族在临床常见疾病中的研究进展

Advances in the study of miR-181 gene family in common clinical diseases

微小RNA(miRNA)是一类小的非编码RNA,广泛存在于真核生物体内,能够在转录后通过抑制目的基因信使RNA(mRNA)的翻译或促进mRNA降解来调节基因表达。miRNA已成为多种生物过程的关键调控因子,各种调控机制不仅控制着它们的表达,还控制着它们的活性和生物利用度,这取决于miRNA在人类相关蛋白质编码基因的潜在结合位点。miRNA在免疫系统的发育和调控中也发挥着重要的作用,可以调控机体关键的细胞过程,包括细胞分化、血管生成和炎症反应的发生。现已发现很多生理过程和病理结果高度依赖于miRNA,包括癌症、心血管疾病和代谢性疾病。其中,miR-181基因家族在胚胎发育、细胞增殖、凋亡、自噬、线粒体功能和免疫反应等关键生物过程中发挥调节作用。该文综述了近年来miR-181基因家族在临床疾病中的诊断和治疗方向及研究前沿,以期为miRNA的临床疾病治疗提供新的思路。

microRNA(miRNA)is a kind of small non-coding RNA which is widely found in eukaryotic organisms and is able to regulate gene expression after transcription by repressing messenger RNA(mRNA)translation or promoting mRNA degradation.miRNA have emerged as key regulators of a variety of biological processes,and various regulatory mechanisms control not only their expression but also their activity and bioavailability,depending on the potential binding sites of miRNA in genes encoding relevant human proteins.miRNA also play an important role in the development and regulation of the immune system,regulating key cellular processes in the body,including cell differentiation,angiogenesis and inflammation.Many physiological processes and pathological outcomes have been found to be highly dependent on miRNA,including cancer,cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.Among them,the miR-181 gene family has important roles in the regulation of key biological processes such as embryonic development,cell proliferation,apoptosis,autophagy,mitochondrial function and immune response.This article reviews the diagnostic and therapeutic directions and research frontiers of the miR-181 gene family in clinical diseases in recent years,with the aim of providing new ideas for the clinical disease treatment of miRNA.