新中国教科书发展阶段回望:编写特色、经验启示与逻辑张力

Looking Back on the Development of Textbooks in New China:Compiling Features,Experiential Inspiration and Logical Tension

新中国教科书编写事关学生知识结构打造与“三观”建设,事关国家意志的贯彻与民族统一的形成。文章以新中国中小学教科书编写的五个发展阶段为观照对象,通过对每个阶段编写历史及教科书内容特色的详细考察,分析各阶段教科书编写的优势特点与存在问题,以期为将来的编写工作提供案例借鉴;在总结新中国教科书编写的历史经验与收获得失的基础上,提出新中国教材编写的根本经验与基本做法,强调教材出版的意识形态功能和政治特性,积极推动建设适合新中国教育发展的教科书编写体制与创新性做法;通过辨析教科书发展背后的传统与现代、科学与人文、素养与能力、一统与多元等概念及价值争论的意义,尝试探索教科书发展背后的“第一推动”及逻辑张力,为今后的教科书编写提供参考与借鉴。

The compilation of textbooks in New China is crucial for building students'knowledge structure and shaping their"three views."It is also important for implementing the will of the nation and fostering national unity.This article focuses on the five developmental stages of textbook compilation in New China's primary and secondary schools.It conducts a detailed examination of the history and characteristics of textbook content at each stage,analyzing the strengths,features,and existing issues of textbook compilation during each period.The goal is to provide case studies for future compilation work.Based on the summary of historical experiences and achievements of textbook compilation in New China,the article proposes fundamental principles and basic practices for textbook writing,emphasizing the ideological and political functions of textbook publishing and actively promoting innovative approaches and systems suitable for the development of education in New China.By analyzing the significance of concepts and value debates such as"tradition and modernity""science and humanities""competence and skills"as well as"unity and diversity"underlying textbook development,the article attempts to explore the"primary driving force"and logical tension behind textbook development,providing references and consultations for future textbook compilation.