讲好中国故事的叙事修辞:观念、策略与技巧

The Narrative Rhetoric of Tlling Chinese Stories Well:Concepts,Strategies and Techniques

叙事修辞的观念、策略与技巧在关系、时空和效果三个维度为更好地讲述中国故事提供了指引。文章旨在借鉴小说修辞、新修辞学的理念,聚焦讲好中国故事,尝试廓清叙事修辞理论概念、基本观念、策略技巧。研究认为,叙事修辞的基本观念为道德性、交流性和感性。这就确立了叙事的社会性属性,超越了经典叙事学将叙事视为文本操作的局限。叙事修辞的主要修辞策略是视点的选择、距离的控制,展示与讲述是叙事修辞的核心技巧,这既关系到如何叙事,也涉及对受叙者、叙述者与受叙者关系的考量。叙事修辞理论着意于受众的主动性与能动反馈,这也是叙事修辞理论发展的题中之义。叙事修辞弥补了叙事说服理论提供叙事文本操作知识的不足,在讲好中国故事中发挥着不容忽视的效用。

The concepts,strategies and techniques of narative rhetoric provide guidance for telling Chinese stories better in three dimensions of relationship,time and space and effect.This paper aims to draw on the concepts of novel rhetoric and new rhetoric,focus on telling Chinese stories well,and try to clarify the connotation,basic concepts and strategies of narrative rhetoric theory.The research holds that the basic concepts of narrative rhetoric are morality,communication and sensibility.This establishes the social nature of narrative and transcends the limitation of classical narratology which regards narrative as a textual operation.The main rhetorical strategies of narrative rhetoric are the choice of viewpoint and the control of distance.Showing and telling are the core skills of narrative rhetoric.This is not only related to how to tell the story,but also involves the consideration of the narrator and the relationship between the narrator and the audience.Narrative rhetoric theory focuses on the initiative and dynamic feedback of the audience,which is also the meaning of the development of narrative rhetoric theory.Narrative rhetoric makes up for the deficiency of narrative persuasion theory in providing operational knowledge of narrative text,and plays an important role in telling Chinese stories well.