保护数字世界的儿童:理念、工具与制度——英国《网络服务适龄设计实践准则》及其启示

Protecting Children in the Digital World:Concepts,Tools and Systems——UK Age Appropriate Design Code and Its Implications

保护数量庞大的未成年人,应对相关的网络安全问题,是当下全球性的棘手难题。英国的《网络服务适龄设计实践准则》着眼建立普遍的数字内容出版制作标准,成为全球未成年人网络保护的重要制度创新。其秉持“保护数字世界中的儿童,而不是保护儿童远离数字世界”的理念;以“可能接触原则”划定准则适用范围;设立儿童利益最大化的三大原则框架;在数据保护、产品设计、关键技术等方面建立标准,以应用场景设定数据保护标准;以年龄段设立网络产品设计要求;规制助推、默认设置、推荐算法等关键技术。《网络服务适龄设计实践准则》对我国未成年人网络保护工作的理念转变、主体协调、制度构建等具有一定的借鉴意义。

Protecting the online safety of a vast number of minors is a pressing global issue.The UK's Age Appropriate Design Code aims to establish universal standards for digital content creation and has become a crucial institutional innovation for safeguarding minors online worldwide.The code adheres to the principle of"protecting children within the digital world,rather than shielding them from it",delineates the scope of application based on the"likelihood of access"principle,and sets up a three-principle framework to maximize children's interests.It establishes standards for data protection,product design,and essential technologies in various aspects,including setting data protection standards according to application scenarios,formulating online product design requirements based on age groups,and regulating critical technologies such as boosting,default settings,and recommendation algorithms.This code offers valuable insights for the conceptual shift,coordination of relevant stakeholders,and development of institutional frameworks in China's efforts to protect minors online.