乡村振兴视域下技能高中与普通高中教育回报的对比——基于倾向得分匹配(PSM)的反事实估计

Comparison of Educational Returns between Technical High Schools and Ordinary High Schools from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization——Counterfactual Estimation Based on Propensity Score Matching (PSM)

城乡发展不平衡是我国特有的经济现象,也是乡村振兴进程中面临的瓶颈制约。利用2018年CGSS数据,综合使用普通最小二乘法、分位数回归法和倾向得分匹配法,分析高中教育对城乡劳动者收入回报的影响情况,并基于“干中学”理论,加入高中教育与学习充电的交互项,探讨其对工作收入的调节效应。研究表明:(1)相对普通高中,技能高中劳动者的工作收入较高,但随着收入分位数的提升,技能高中的增收优势逐渐降低;(2)技能高中对城镇籍中等、中高收入劳动群体的增收效果更显著,对农村籍劳动者则无显著影响;(3)选择技能高中且利用空闲时间学习充电弥补基础知识,在一定程度上能提升城、乡户籍劳动者的工作收入,其中,对城镇籍年轻(16~25岁)劳动者影响更显著。因此,应大力发展农村技能高中教育,健全普职融通的高中教育体系,从而挖掘农村劳动力收入水平提升潜力,缩小城乡收入差距。

The unbalanced development of urban and rural areas is a unique economic phenomenon in China and a bottleneck in the process of rural revitalisation.Using the 2018 CGSS data,we analyse the impact of high school education on the income returns of urban and rural workers using ordinary least squares,quantile regression and propensity score matching,and explore the moderating effect of high school education on income based on the theory of "learning by doing" by adding the interaction term between high school education and learning and charging.The study shows that:(1)relative to the general high school,workers in technical high school have higher income,but the income-enhancing advantage of technical high school decreases as the income quartile rises;(2)technical high school has a more significant income-enhancing effect on the middle and middle-high-income groups of urban workers,while it has no significant effect on the rural workers;(3)choosing technical high school and making use of the free time for learning and recharging to make up for the basic knowledge can enhance the income returns of urban and rural workers.To a certain extent,it can improve the income of urban and rural household workers,of which the effect is more significant on urban young(16~25 years old)workers.Therefore,skills high school education in rural should be vigorously developed,and the high school education system should be improved to integrate vocational education with general education,so as to explore the potential for raising the income of rural labourers and narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas.