绿肥替代对安化茶园土壤肥力与茶叶产量、品质的影响

Effects of Alternatively Applying Green Manure on Tea Yield and Quality and Soil Fertility of Tea Garden in Anhua County

有机养分替代是化肥减量和茶叶提质增效的重要措施。通过连续5 a的茶园田间试验,研究了绿肥替代50%化肥对安化茶园茶叶产量、品质及土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:与传统施肥模式相比,绿肥替代模式随着施用年限的增加春茶和夏茶产量先降低后增加;连续5 a的试验中绿肥替代模式均可显著增加茶叶氨基酸含量,增加幅度为7.49%~84.92%,可降低茶多酚的含量,降低幅度为4.16%~22.73%,可降低茶叶酚氨比值0.34~6.72。绿肥替代模式下,茶园土壤p H、有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾指标分别以每年0.048个单位、1.391 g/kg、0.045 g/kg、3.836 mg/kg、12.020 mg/kg和2.914 mg/kg的速率增长。从长远来看,绿肥替代化肥是安化茶园茶叶提质增效、减少化肥施用、茶园土壤质量保育等行之有效的有机培肥管理措施,可用于大面积优质茶叶的生产过程。

Applying green manure is an important way to reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer and improve the quality of tea.The effects of replacing 50 % chemical fertilizer with green manure on tea yield and quality and soil fertility in the tea garden of Anhua County were studied by field experiments for five consecutive years.The results showed that compared with the traditional fertilization,in the 5-consecutive-year green manure treatment,the yield of spring tea and summer tea decreased first and then increased with the increase of application years;the amino acid content of tea was significantly increased by 7.49%-84.92%,the content of tea polyphenols was decreased by 4.16%-22.73 %,and the ratio of tea polyphenols to amino acids was decreased by 0.34-6.72;the soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus,and available potassium levels in the tea garden increased yearly at rates of 0.048units,1.391 g/kg,0.045 g/kg,3.836 mg/kg,12.020 mg/kg and 2.914 mg/kg,respectively.In conclusion,green manure instead of chemical fertilizer is an effective measure to improve the quality of tea,reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer application,and improve the soil quality of tea garden in Anhua County,which can be extended to the production of high-quality tea in more areas.