地面激光扫描技术用于滇中复杂山区微地貌形态主要参数测量分析

The Main Parameters of Micro-geomorphology in the Complex Mountainous Area of Central Yunnan Based on Ground 3D Laser Scanning Technology

传统测量方式对于微地貌形态的测量有着效率低,难以快速获取大范围高精度的地形等缺点。目前,随着激光雷达扫描技术的出现,在微地貌地形的精细测量和定量分析等方面提供了新的方法和技术。本文以恐龙谷环状构造的北坑缘微地貌为例,利用地面激光扫描仪获取得到具有高空间分辨率的点云数据后,通过将离散的点云通过滤波这一处理来提取出地面点,目的是为了保留完整的微地貌地形特征,然后用渐进加密不规则三角网的滤波算法来构建微地貌3D地形场景,并利用反距离权重法(IDW)内插生成分辨率为2 m的数字高程模型(DEM),之后在数字高程模型的基础上,就微地貌的地形因子进行主要的参数测量分析。实验结果表明:①用地面激光扫描技术获取复杂地形的地貌信息能达到较精细、较准确的效果;②在DEM的基础上提取各类地形因子,其分析结果与实地勘测基本一致,这说明应用地面激光扫描技术对小范围的地形测量有着较好的效果。

The traditional measurement method has the disadvantages of low efficiency and difficulty in obtaining large-scale and high-precision topography.At present,with the advent of lidar scanning technology,it provides new methods and techniques for fine measurement and quantitative analysis of micro-geomorphology and topography.In this paper,we take the north crater edge of the Dinosaur Valley as an example,using the ground laser scanner to obtain the point cloud data with high spatial resolution,by filtering the discrete point clouds to extract the ground points,in order to retain the integrity of the micro-geomorphologic features,then,the 3D terrain scene of micro-geomorphology is constructed by using the filtering algorithm of progressively encrypted irregular triangulation network,and the Digital Elevation Model(DEM)with 2m resolution is generated by inverse distance weight(IDW)interpolation,on the basis of digital elevation model(DEM),the topographic factors of micro-geomorphology are measured and analyzed.The experimental results show that:①it can obtain more precise topographic information by using the ground laser scanning technology;②extracting all kinds of topographic factors based on DEM;The analysis result is basically consistent with the field survey,which shows that the application of ground laser scanning technology has a good effect on small-scale topographic survey.