汉语完句范畴层级系统研究

A cartography analysis of Chinese sentence-completion categories

本文聚焦于汉语完句范畴描写的层级性与解释的系统性。首先从句子结构与功能的对应性上,将学界一直以来存在争议的“完句系统”分为短语平面的“成句”研究和句子平面的“完句”研究。接着,运用制图分析,将汉语完句范畴在句法树上按照功能位置自下而上投射,分别是VP-TP层的“限定范畴”“量度范畴”“时体范畴”“根情态”“否定范畴”和CP层的“焦点范畴”“话题范畴”“认知模态”“语气/语力范畴”。在描写之上,文章还讨论了九种范畴之间的关联性和优先级,提出“双层锚定”说和“顶层优先”说。

This article focuses on the issue of the systematic hierarchy of description and explanation of Chinese sentence completion categories.Firstly,the article divides the“sentence-completion system”,which has long been controversial in the Chinese grammar studies,into two parts:the“clause-forming category”at the clause level and the“sentence-forming category”above the clause level.Secondly,by means of cartographic analysis,Chinese sentence completion categories are arranged in the syntax tree according to their functional positions.From bottom to top,we can find the following categories:Determiner category,Degree category,Aspect category,Root Modality,Negative category,Focus category,Topic category,Modality(epi),and Mood/Force category.Based on the description,the article also discusses the relevance and priority among 9 categories,and proposes the theory of“double anchoring”and“top priority”.