分体式空调建筑行为调节对热舒适的影响研究

Influence of behavioral adjustment on thermal comfort in split air-conditioned buildings

为了解分体式空调建筑中行为调节对热舒适的影响,以焦作住宅为调研对象,采用热环境参数测试和问卷调查相结合的方法,共收集509份数据.结果表明:室内平均操作温度28.6℃,居民的中性温度为27.7℃,均高出GB 50736标准规定的夏季一级舒适度范围(24~26℃).然而,由于分体式空调住宅提供了丰富而有效的行为调节机会以及由此产生的较强感知控制,仍有超过80%的居民对自己的住宅热环境感到满意.服装热阻与室内热经历强度的负相关关系表明居民可以通过服装调节行为来有效地适应当前的热环境.居民偏爱开启门窗这种被动式调节措施,当室外热经历强度在30℃以下,较高的门窗开启率可以有效改善自然通风模式下居民的热感觉.然而,当室外热经历强度超过30℃时,居民会选择关闭门窗,使用空调来改善自身热舒适.分体式空调住宅中居民使用空调具有个性化、差异化和多样化的时空特征,同时更倾向于低碳的空调使用模式.随着室外热经历的强度和作用时间的增加,居民适应了较高的室外温度,空调开启/设定温度也在提高.然而,室外热经历对空调开启/设定温度造成显著影响的所需时间并不一致.以上研究可为分体式空调住宅建筑室内热环境设计和节能调控提供理论依据.

In order to understand the influence of behavioral adjustment on thermal comfort in split air-conditioned buildings,a total of 509 data were collected by combining thermal environment parameter tests and questionnaire surveys with the residential building in Jiaozuo as the research object.The results showed that the mean indoor operative temperature was 28.6℃,and the neutral temperature of residents was 27.7℃,both of which were higher than the temperature limit value of category I(24~26℃)in summer stipulated in the standard GB 50736.However,more than 80%of residents were still satisfied with the residential thermal environment due to the rich and effective behavioral adjustment opportunities provided by split air-conditioned residential buildings and the resulting strong perceived control.The negative correlation between clothing insulation and indoor thermal history intensity indicated that residents could effectively adapt to the current thermal environment through clothing adjustment behavior.Residents preferred passive adjustment measures such as opening doors and windows.When the outdoor thermal history intensity was below 30℃,the higher opening rate of doors and windows can improve residents′thermal sensation in the natural ventilation mode.However,when the outdoor thermal history intensity exceeded 30℃,residents would choose to close doors and windows and use air conditioners to improve their thermal comfort.The use of air conditioners by residents in split air-conditioned residential buildings had obvious characteristics of individuation,differentiation and diversification,and at the same time,they were more inclined to low-carbon air conditioners usage mode.With the increase of outdoor thermal history intensity and action time,residents gradually adapted to higher outdoor temperatures,and air conditioners′start/set temperatures also rose.The time required for outdoor thermal history to significantly influence air conditioners′start/set temperatures were inconsistent.These studies provide the theoretical basis for indoor thermal environment design and energy-saving regulation of split air-conditioned residential buildings.