酿酒葡萄香宝馨与赤霞珠正反交后代果实性状遗传变异分析

Analysis of genetic tendency of fruit traits in the reciprocal hybrids of wine grape Chambourcin and Cabernet Sauvignon

【目的】探究酿酒葡萄果实性状的遗传规律。【方法】以香宝馨(Chambourcin)和赤霞珠(Cabernet Sauvignon)以及它们的正反交后代为试材,对其果粒质量、大小等果实性状进行遗传变异和遗传倾向分析,并初筛选出表现优良的单株。【结果】正反交后代果实性状变异较为广泛;单粒质量、果粒横纵径、果形指数、果皮厚度以及种子数在正反交后代中的遗传呈正态或偏正态分布,符合数量性状的遗传特点;单粒质量、果粒横纵径、果形指数、果皮厚度以及种子数的平均值均小于亲本中亲值,表现出趋小的遗传倾向;单粒质量、果粒横径、种子数都整体表现出趋中偏低的遗传倾向,果粒纵径、果形指数表现出明显偏低遗传的倾向,果皮厚度表现出明显的趋中遗传倾向,果粒形状、果皮颜色、果皮涩味、果肉香味遗传倾向于亲本,果肉质地遗传倾向趋向于亲本赤霞珠,果肉颜色遗传倾向则趋向于亲本香宝馨。【结论】通过聚类分析结合田间观察初选出表现优良的杂交单株XC090、XC120、XC215、XC252、CX032、CX070、CX073、CX095作为重点观察对象。

【Objective】The study aimed to investigate the genetic rules of fruit traits of wine grapes to provide a reference for the rational selection of parent varieties for hybridization and the prediction of representative types after hybridization and improve the competitiveness of China's wine products.【Methods】In the experiment,Chambourcin and Cabernet Sauvignon were used as parents,and 105 and75 individuals with stable flowering and fruiting characters were selected from the reciprocal hybrids respectively.The fruit weight,fruit size,peel thickness,fruit shape,peel color and other fruit traits were investigated and measured.The genetic variation and genetic tendency of fruit traits were analyzed,and the hybrid plants with excellent comprehensive performance were selected by cluster analysis combined with field observation.【Results】The reciprocal F_(1) hybrids differed significantly in the berry weight,length,width,shape index,skin thickness,and seed number,and the data were close to a normal or skewed normal distribution,exhibited genetic characteristics of quantitative traits.In particular,the mean values of berry mass,berry length and width,berry shape index,berry skin thickness,and seed number in offsprings were all lower than the median values of those of the parents,indicating a genetic tendency to low,which might be related to the strong non-additive effect of genes.The coefficient variation of berry weight was about 22.0%,the heterosis rate was-11.96% and-10.53%,and the heritability was 88.04% and 89.47%,respectively.The degree of variation was large,they had high genetic diversity,and the heterosis rate and heritability were low compared with the other traits,which might be easily affected by environmental factors.The coefficient variation of berry width and length ranged from 7.8 to 8.7,which was relatively small,and the heritability was relatively high.The average peel thickness of reciprocal cross was 0.29 mm,which was close to the mid-parent value.The coefficient of variation was 11.37% and 12.64%,respectively,and the heritability was 96.03% and 95.99%,respectively,indicating that it could be stably inherited and was less affected by the environment.The coefficient variation of berry shape index of the reciprocal cross was 3.29% and 3.88%,respectively,which was lower than those of the other traits.The heterosis rate and heritability were higher than those of the other traits,indicating that the fruit shape index could be stably inherited and less affected by the environment.The coefficient variation of the seed number of reciprocal cross was 20.83% and 20.16%,respectively,and the heritability was 92.38% and 93.71%,respectively.The result suggested that the seed number could be stably inherited but the degree of variation be relatively large.The berry weight,width and seed number all showed a genetic tendency towards moderate to low as a whole;the vertical berry diameter and fruit shape index showed a significant tendency to low;the peel thickness showed a significant tendency to moderate;the berry shape,skin color,astringency,and aroma were all similar to the parents,and the flesh texture was heavily biased towards the parent Cabernet Sauvignon,while the flesh color was more influenced by the parent Chambourcin.When Cabernet Sauvignon was used as the female parent and Chambourcin was used as the male parent,the probability of individuals with large fruit and fruit weight was greater than that of orthogonal.By cluster analysis,the orthogonal offsprings could be divided into two categories,the first category included the parent Chambourcin and 32 offsprings,the second category included the parent Cabernet Sauvignon and 73 offsprings;the reverse cross offspring could be divided into three categories,the first category included 32 offsprings,the second category included the father Chambourcin and 4 offsprings,and the third category included the mother Cabernet Sauvignon and 40 offsprings.It was clear that the fruit traits of the reciprocal cross offsprings were greatly affected by the parent Cabernet Sauvignon.【Conclusion】The fruit traits of the reciprocal hybrids of Chambourcin and Cabernet Sauvignon showed a genetic tendency to low and medium as a whole,and through clustering analysis combined with field observation,XC090,XC120,XC215,XC252,CX060,CX07,CX079,and CX090 were selected.