区域创新生态系统如何增强经济韧性?——基于NCA和fsQCA的分析

How could Regional Innovation Ecosystem Enhance Economic Resilience?An Analysis Based on NCA and fsQCA

在百年未有之大变局下,经济发展可持续性遭遇挑战,增强经济韧性成为区域经济发展的重要着力点。区域创新生态系统建设对于增强经济韧性具有重要作用。以TOE框架为基础建构了区域创新生态系统的测度指标体系,并提出了区域创新生态系统增强经济韧性的理论架构。以中国30个省(区、市)为案例样本,通过NCA和fsQCA分析发现:第一,区域创新生态系统的条件因素对增强经济韧性都非常重要,但单一因素不构成高水平经济韧性的显著性必要条件;第二,区域创新生态系统增强经济韧性有传统型技术创新驱动和现代型技术创新驱动两条路径;第三,创新生态系统构成要素的整体性缺失是一个区域出现低水平经济韧性的主要原因,较高水平的财务资源和创新主体投入也不足以突破低水平创新环境和人力资源不足带来的瓶颈性约束;第四,人力资源是各区域实现强经济韧性的核心条件,东部和中西部地区增强经济韧性的路径差异体现在前者更多强调开放环境建设,而后者更为重视知识创新主体建设。研究成果为发展区域创新生态系统理论和经济韧性理论做出了贡献,能够为地方政府优化区域创新生态系统和增强经济韧性提供启示。

Amid the unprecedented changes in the recent century,the sustainability of eco-nomic development is facing challenges.Enhancing economic resilience has become an impor-tant focus of regional economic development.In line with the innovation-driven development strategy,we propose that the construction of a regional innovation ecosystem plays an important role in enhancing economic resilience.According to the TOE framework,this paper analyzes the structure of the regional innova-tion ecosystem from three dimensions:technology,organization and environment.We set two con-dition variables for each dimension to construct the measurement system of the regional innova-tion ecosystem and design specific indicators for the conditions.Then,we propose a measure-ment system of economic resilience from three dimensions:resistance and resilience,adaptation and adjustment,innovation and transformation.Finally,guided by the theory of complex adaptive systems,we analyze the mechanism of the regional innovation ecosystem on economic resilience and then establish the theoretical framework of this study.Using data from 30 provinces and mu-nicipalities in China's Mainland from 2016 to 2020 as samples,we use NCA and fsQCA methods to conduct empirical analysis.The results and conclusions are strengthened by heterogeneity analysis and robustness test.The results show that:First,all the factors of the regional innovation ecosystem are crucial in enhancing economic resilience,but no single factor alone constitutes a significant necessary condition for achieving a high level of economic resilience.Second,there are two ways in which the regional innovation ecosystem can enhance economic resilience:traditional and modern tech-nology innovation ways.Third,the main reason for the low level of economic resilience is the overall inadequate conditions of the innovation ecosystem.Despite higher levels of financial re-sources and innovation subject input,they cannot compensate for the low level of innovation envi-ronment and human resource.Fourth,human resources are the core condition for achieving strong economic resilience in each region.The difference between the eastern and central-west-ern regions in economic resilience is reflected in the former's emphasizes on constructing an open environment,while the latter pays more attention to the development of knowledge innova-tion subjects.The research contributes to the developments of regional innovation ecosystem theory and economic resilience theory.First,it proposes the constitution of economic resilience and its hier-archical upgrading relationship,which deepens the understanding of economic resilience theory.Second,it explains the mechanism of regional innovation ecosystem on economic resilience from the perspective of complex adaptive system theory.Third,we measure the configuration effect of regional innovation ecosystem components on economic resilience under the TOE framework.Our study provides inspiration for local governments to optimize the construction of regional innovation ecosystem and improve economic resilience.First,local governments should strengthen the construction of regional innovation ecosystem from three aspects:the improvement of innovation environment,innovation subjects,and innovation resources.Second,we should at-tach great importance to the linkage of various elements of the regional innovation ecosystem.Fi-nally,both the eastern and central-western regions should vigorously develop innovative human resources,but the eastern region should also consider optimizing the open environment,while the central-western regions can prioritize the development of knowledge innovation subjects such as colleges and universities.