水蛭治疗缺血性脑卒中的研究进展

Research progress of leech treatment for ischemic stroke

临床上缺血性脑卒中是致残和致死的主要原因之一。中医将其归属于“中风”范畴,主要病机为阴阳失调,气血逆乱。目前研究发现使用中药治疗缺血性脑卒中副作用小,水蛭成为中药治疗缺血性脑卒中使用频率最高的药物,且临床疗效好。缺血性脑卒中发病多与血瘀相关,水蛭的主要药理作用是抗凝抗血小板聚集,同时水蛭还具有抗动脉粥样硬化、抗纤维化、神经保护、改善血流动力学等作用,因此,水蛭有望成为治疗缺血性脑卒中的理想药物,但其研究还存在一些不足,尤其是对其衍生物和制剂的量效关系、毒性和安全性方面。

In clinical practice,cerebral ischemic stroke is one of the main causes of disability and death.In traditional Chinese medicine,it belongs to the category of“stroke”,and its main pathogenesis is the imbalance of yin and yang,and the inversion of qi and blood.At present,research has found that the use of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke has few side effects,and leech has become the most frequently used drug in the treatment of cerebra ischemic stroke with traditional Chinese medicine,and its clinical efficacy is good.The incidence of cerebra ischemic stroke is mostly related to bleeding and blood stasis,the main pharmacological effects of leech are anticoagulation and anti-platelet aggregation,and leech also have anti-atherosclerosis,anti-fibrosis,neuroprotective,hemodynamic,anti-tumor,and anti-inflammatory effects.Leech are expected to be an ideal drug for the treatment of cerebral ischemic stroke,but there are still some deficiencies in its research,especially the research on the dose-effect relationship,toxicity and safety of its derivatives and preparations.Hope to focus on potential future directions of leech research in the future.