2022年脑机接口研究进展

Research Progress of Brain-computer Interface in 2022

脑机接口(brain-computer interface,BCI)旨在大脑与外部环境之间建立一种不依赖于外周神经系统的交流与控制通道,从而实现大脑与外部设备的直接交互。脑机接口的初衷是帮助运动障碍患者利用其意图直接控制辅助设备,提高患者生活质量并重拾生活信心。随着脑机接口技术的发展,脑机接口应用已拓展至游戏娱乐、学习教育、智能家居和军事等领域。作为脑科学与类脑智能研究的重要部分,脑机接口已成为多个国家的科技战略重点。随着脑科学、计算科学、人工智能等领域快速发展,脑机接口技术的进步步伐加速,脑机接口已成为全球科技前沿热点。脑机接口技术主要涉及硬件、软件和算法,其中硬件主要包括脑信号采集与处理器件,是保障脑机接口性能的前提;软件的优化将降低脑机接口系统的使用门槛,惠及更多人群;算法则主要是对脑信号进行分析与处理,以又准又快地解读用户意图。脑机接口在硬件、软件和算法三方面的技术进步不仅推进脑机接口从实验室演示走向实际应用,同时也将拓宽脑机接口的应用范围。因此,本文从关键技术、典型应用等方面着手对2022年脑机接口领域的研发热点进行回顾和梳理,以期增进脑机接口研究现状的了解。同时,对当前脑机接口技术发展进行总结与展望,希望能够为脑机接口领域的研究者提供有益的借鉴与启示。

Brain-computer interface(BCI)is to establish a communication and control channel between the brain and the external environment that does not depend on the peripheral nervous system,so as to realize the direct interaction between the brain and external devices.The original intention of BCI is to help patients with movement disorders directly control auxiliary equipment with their intentions,improve the quality of life of patients and regain their confidence in life.With the development of BCI technology,BCI application has expanded to the fields of game entertainment,learning and education,smart home and military.As an important part of brain science and brain-inspired intelligence research,BCI has become the strategic focus of science and technology in many countries.With the rapid development of brain science,computing science,artificial intelligence and other fields,the pace of progress in BCI technology has accelerated,and BCI has become a hot spot at the forefront of global science and technology.BCI technology mainly involves hardware,software,and algorithms.The hardware mainly includes acquisition and processing apparatuses for brain signal,which are the prerequisites for ensuring the BCI performance.software optimization will lower the threshold for using the BCI and benefit more individuals.Algorithms are mainly to analyze and process brain signals to accurately and quickly interpret user intentions.The technical progress of BCI in hardware,software and algorithm will not only promote BCI from laboratory demonstration to practical application,but will also broaden the scope of BCI application.Therefore,this article reviewed and sorted out the hotspots in the field of BCI in 2022 from the aspects of key technologies and typical applications,in order to enhance the understanding of the current status of BCI research.At the same time,it summarized and looked forward to the current development of BCI technology,hoping to provide useful reference and inspiration for researchers in the BCI field.