超高速斜撞击下航天器Whipple结构碎片特性研究

Study on the Fragment Characteristics of Spacecraft Whipple Structure under Hypervelocity Oblique Impact

发生在近地轨道的空间碎片撞击事件几乎都是斜撞击,撞击产生的碎片云会对航天器内部结构及设备产生威胁。本文采用AUTODYN软件对航天器Whipple结构受弹丸撞击的过程进行数值仿真,通过与实验对比验证数值仿真有效性,处理并识别仿真结果,以碎片质量分数、剩余速度以及形态分布为重点,研究撞击角度在0°~60°范围内碎片云中最具威胁的碎片特征。研究表明:超高速斜撞击下碎片分布特征呈现随撞击角度分区域变化的规律,同时碎片的质量分数及剩余速度也随撞击角度变化呈现一定规律。

The space debris impact events in low Earth orbit are almost oblique impacts,and the debris cloud generated by space debris impacting the spacecraft will pose a threat to its internal structure and equipment.In this paper,AUTODYN software is used to carry out numerical simulation of the impact process of spacecraft Whipple structure by projectiles.The effectiveness of numerical simulation is verified by comparing with the experimental results.By processing and identifying the simulation results,and focusing on the debris mass fraction,residual velocity and shape distribution,this paper studies the most threatening debris characteristics in the debris cloud with an inclination angle of 0 to 60°.The research shows that the distribution characteristics of debris under the hypervelocity oblique impact show a regional variation law with the angle of impact,and the mass fraction and residual velocity of debris also show a certain law with the angle of impact.