清末民间文昌宫建筑特征及其文化内涵——以浙西廿八都文昌宫为例

Architectural Features and Cultural Connotations of Folk Wenchang Palace in the Late Qing Dynasty:Taking Wenchang Palace in Nianbadu Ancient Town As an Example

文昌宫作为文昌信仰主要的物质载体之一,在科举时代是重要的祭祀建筑之一。清末科举制度瓦解之后,文昌宫祭祀属性降低,在民间社会承担了教育、社会救济、公共集会等多重社会功能,具有极高的建筑艺术价值和历史文化价值。以浙西廿八都古镇两座文昌宫为例,从建筑布局、造型、结构、尺度、装饰等方面总结其建筑特征,揭示了清末后科举时代背景下,民间文昌宫对新功能与属性的适应,进一步分析了清末民间文昌宫新的文化内涵,以期为传统文昌宫建筑及其文化的保护提供参考。

As the material carriers of Wenchang belief,Wenchang Temple is one of the most important traditional worship building in the imperial examination era.After the collapse of the imperial examination system in the late Qing Dynasty,the worship function of Wenchang Temple was weakened,and it assumed other social functions such as education,charity and public assembly,with extremely high artistic value and cultural value.This article takes two Wenchang temples in Nianbadu of Western Zhejiang as examples,summarizes the architectural features from the aspects of layout plans,architectural elevation,architectural structure,space scale,and architectural ornament,which reveal the adaptability of the Wenchang Palace to the new functions and attributes in post-imperial examination era.And in the end,the author pointed out the cultural features of the Wenchang Palace,hoping to provide reference for the protection of traditional Wenchang Palace and its culture.