商周青铜器兔形纹饰意象转变考

Study on the Imagery of Rabbit-Shaped Motifs on Bronze Wares in the Shang and Zhou Dynasties

青铜器上的兔形纹饰在商周时期所代表的意象呈现三个不同阶段。商代晚期,兔形纹饰与其他动物纹组合,在祭祀仪礼中充当与祖先神灵沟通的媒介。西周时期,兔形青铜器的种类增多,兔形纹饰单独出现且更加立体,使用者由殷人变为周人。从晋侯墓出土兔尊的位置和数量以及周人重视子孙繁衍的角度来看,兔尊可能表达了晋侯希冀子孙兴旺、晋国宗庙祭祀绵延的美好愿望。东周时期北方游牧民族将兔形装饰在日常生活用品和马车上,反映了游牧族群的生活场景,兔的意象再次发生改变。

The imagery of rabbit-shaped motifs on bronze wares during the late Shang,Western and Eastern Zhou Dynasties changed.In the late Shang Dynasty,rabbit-shaped motifs were combined with other animal-shaped motifs to serve as a medium of communication with ancestral gods in rituals.During the Western Zhou period,the variety of rabbit-shaped bronze wares increased,rabbit-shaped motifs appeared separately and became more three-dimensional,and the users changed from the Yin people to the Zhou people.In terms of the location and number of rabbit-shaped bronze wares from the tombs of the Marquis of the State of Jin,and the great importance attached by the Zhou people to the reproduction of descendants,the rabbit-shaped bronze wares might express the good wishes of the Marquis of the State of Jin for the prosperity of his descendants and the continuation of ancestral shrine sacrifice.During the Eastern Zhou period,the imagery of rabbit changed again when the nomads in the north decorated the shape of rabbit on daily necessities and carriages,which reflected the life scenes of nomadic tribes.