新中国成立初期土地改革中山林权的变革与纠纷调处--以安徽为中心

Reform of Forest Rights and Dispute Mediation in Land Reform in the Early Period of New China: A Focus on Anhui

森林资源的培育、利用、利益分配、林业可持续发展等,前提条件都是明确山林权属,建立合理有效的林权制度。安徽幅员广阔,地形复杂,1949年以前森林覆盖率较低,为改善生态环境和促进林业资源可持续发展,新中国成立后,安徽各地在土地改革时期开始大规模的封山育苗造林,进行山林权制度的改革,分林到户,使林农获得林地、林木的所有权、使用权、收益权和处置权。山林权是一个极其复杂且牵涉面很广的问题,矛盾、纠纷不断,安徽各地在省委和各级党组织的正确领导下,本着有利于恢复发展林业生产,有利于林业经营管理,有利于群众团结互助的宗旨,依靠群众,通过各种有效的措施调处山林纠纷,明晰山林权,形成了国有林、乡村公有林、农民个人私有林等多种形式并存的林业制度。

The cultivation and utilization of forest resources,profit distribution,and sustainable development of forestry all contribute to clarifying the forest ownership and establishing a reasonable and effective forest right system.Anhui Province,with its vast territory and complex terrain,had a relatively low forest coverage rate before 1949.To improve the ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of forestry resources,various regions in Anhui started large-scale afforestation and forest nursery activities during the land reform period after the founding of New China.They undertook reforms to establish a forest tenure system,allocating forests to households and granting forest farmers ownership,usage rights,income rights,and disposal rights over the forests and timber.Though the issue of forest rights was extremely complex and involved a wide range of considerations,leading to continuous contradictions and disputes,under the correct leadership of the provincial party committee and various levels of party organizations,Anhui relied on the masses and adopted various effective measures to mediate forest disputes,clarify forest ownership,and form a diverse forestry system comprising state-owned forests,rural collectively-owned forests,and individual private forests owned by farmers.These efforts aimed to facilitate the recovery and development of forestry production,promote effective forestry management,and foster unity and mutual assistance among the people.