立春民俗的集体记忆与生活实践--基于清以来“春牛图年画”的图像研究

The Collective Memory and Life Practice of Lichun Folk Custom:Image Research on Chunniu New Year Pictures Since the Qing Dynasty

立春迎春民俗在中国传承了近两千年,从最初的一种官方祭祀礼仪,发展到唐宋明清成为劝课农桑、防灾祈丰、与民同乐的国家庆典,强化了“以农为本”的地方教化和国家认同。春牛图年画应立春日迎春习俗而生,并逐步发展为农耕时代一种用来预告来年天气、农作物收成等信息的年画,因其多印有来年节气日期,又被称为历画。多元的图像,既是立春民俗传承的集体记忆,也是民俗时空观的传承与生活实践。

The Lichun folk custom of greeting spring has been inherited in China for nearly two thousand years.Starting as an official sacrificial ritual,it has evolved during the Tang,Song,Ming,and Qing dynasties into a national festival aimed at encouraging agricultural production,disaster prevention,and praying for a bountiful harvest,bringing joy and unity among the people,which further strengthened the emphasis on agriculture-based local education and national identity.As a category of woodblock New Year pictures,Chunniu New Year Pictures can be found in different origins.Chunniu New Year Pictures is a kind of New Year pictures used to predict the weather,crop harvest and other information in agricultural era.It is also called calendar picture because it is mostly printed next year’s solar term dates.Diverse images are not only the collective memory of the inheritance of Lichun folk custom,but also the inheritance and life practice of folkloric time-space concept.