空间碎片主动清除的合法性构建

Legitimacy Construction of Active Debris Removal

空间碎片主动清除是应对空间碎片快速增长问题提出的新兴技术,但由于其所具有的“主动性”和“攻击性”,使清除行为具有一定的争议性。为了保障清除工作的顺利开展,有效维护外空安全,需要界定空间碎片主动清除的合法界限,引导各国在合法范围内开展空间碎片清除工作。对空间碎片享有管辖权的国家是合法清除主体,满足空间碎片“非功能性”和“危害性”特征的空间物体是合法清除对象,以维护外空安全为目的消除空间碎片的行为是合法清除行为。为了保障依法开展空间碎片清除工作,需要规范空间碎片的识别程序、控制“闲置”空间物体的存在年限并对空间碎片清除设置一定的监管措施。

Active debris removal is an emerging technology to deal with the rapid growth of space debris,but due to its“initiative”and“aggressiveness”,the behavior of space debris removal is controversial.In order to ensure the smooth implementation of active debris removal and effectively maintain space security,it is necessary to define the legal boundaries of space debris removal and guide countries to carry out space debris removal within the legal scope.The country that has jurisdiction over space debris is the subject of legal removal.Space objects that satisfy the“non-functional”and“hazardous”characteristics of space debris are the legal targets for removal.The removal of space debris for the purpose of maintaining the security of outer space is a legal removal.In order to carry out space debris removal work according to law,it is necessary to standardize the identification procedures of space debris,control the existence period of“idle”space objects and set certain regulatory measures for space debris removal.