微生物治理技术在河道底泥污染物治理中的应用研究

Research on application of microbial technology in treatment of river sediment pollutants

依托南方某城市黑臭河道开展室内试验,对多种生物制剂投加方案进行对比筛选,从底泥污染物分析角度研究生物制剂的治理成效。研究发现,生物制剂1对底泥中的有机物和总氮的去除效果最佳,投加量为1.0 g时,两者去除率分别达到25%、73%;生物制剂2对底泥中的总磷去除效果最佳,投加量为1.0 g时,去除率达到58%;采用3种制剂复合处理时,能较好地去除底泥中的有机物、总氮、总磷,生物制剂1、2、3的投加量分别为1.0 g、0.2 g、0.05 mL时,有机物、总氮、总磷的去除率分别达到30%、70%、35%。从底泥微生物群落结构分析来看,投加生物制剂削减了底泥中微生物的种群数量,促进了优势菌门的繁殖生长,生物制剂1与2对底泥群落结构的改变较大。生物制剂能够促进分解污染物的菌种繁殖增长,可应用于河道底泥污染物的治理。

According to the results of an indoor experiment on a black and odorous river channel in a southern city,various biological agent delivery schemes were compared and screened,and the treatment effectiveness of biological agents from the perspective of sediment pollutants analysis was studied.The research has found that biological agent 1 had the best removal efficiency on organic matters and total nitrogen in sediment,with removal rates of 25%and 73%respectively at a dosage of 1.0 g;biological agent 2 had the best removal efficiency on total phosphorus in sediment,the renoval rate reaching 58%at a dosage of 1.0 g.Under the combined treatment of biological agents 1,2 and 3,organic matters,total nitrogen,and total phosphorus in the sediment can be effectively removed.When the dosage of the above agents were 1.0 g,0.2 g,0.05 mL respectively,the removal rates of organic matters,total nitrogen and total phosphorus reached 30%,70%and 35%respectively.From the analysis of the microbial community structure in the sediment,it could be seen that,the addition of biological agents reduced the population quantity of microorganisms in the sediment and accelerate the growth of dominant bacteria.Biological agents 1 and 2 had a significant impact on the sediment community structure.Biological agents can promote the growth of bacteria that decompose pollutants and can be applied in the treatment of river sediment pollutants.