基于改进FRAM方法的飞机着陆安全品质分析

Aircraft landing safety quality analysis based on modified FRAM method

飞机着陆阶段是飞行安全事故发生频率最高的阶段,也是对飞行员技术要求最高的阶段。应当构建科学的评判体系,对其着陆操控技术水平进行准确的评价,识别其技术缺陷,制定措施提升着陆阶段的安全品质。基于功能共振事故模型(FRAM),对飞机着陆下滑和滑跑减速2个阶段分别构建功能网络模型。构建航空器着陆滑跑减速模型,以虚拟试飞的方式模拟飞行员的着陆操作过程,并对不同道面环境下的着陆控制过程实施数据采样。通过采样数据与安全包络的对比,识别功能网络中的功能共振关系与发生功能异变的功能模块。为能够持续优化飞行员着陆操控安全品质,对FRAM分析流程做出改进,建立滚动优化的数据采集与安全屏障有效性验证程序,及时剔除无效的管控措施。改进FRAM分析方法弱化了传统分析方法对分析者知识结构的依赖,分析结果更为客观科学,可为飞行学员的培养和飞行员的能力持续提升提供有效技术支撑。

The aircraft landing stage poses the highest risk of flight accidents and demands the most rigorous technical skills from pilots.Thus,a scientific assessment system should be established to accurately evaluate pilots’technical skills of landing control,identify their technical defects,and formulate measures to improve the safety quality in the landing stage.Based on the functional resonance accident model(FRAM),functional network models of aircraft landing glide and taxiing deceleration are constructed.An aircraft landing taxiing deceleration model is also developed.The pilot’s landing operation is simulated by virtual flight tests,and the data of the landing control with different pavements is sampled.By comparing the sampled data with the safety envelope,the functional resonance relationship and the functional changes in the network are identified.To continuously optimize the safety quality of the landing control,the FRAM analysis process is improved,a rolling optimized program of data acquisition and safety barrier effectiveness verification is built,and invalid control measures are eliminated in time.The improved FRAM analysis method weakens the dependence of traditional analytical methods on the knowledge structure of analysts.Furthermore,the analysis results are more objective,which can provide effective technical support for the training of flight cadets and the continuous improvement of pilots’ability.