小型水库水质劣化特征及长效治理对策

Water Quality Degradation of Small Reservoirs:Characteristics andLong-term Countermeasures

结合现场调查和文献资料分析,梳理了我国小型水库特点及其污染来源,分析了水质劣化特征,提出了“全面治污-系统修复-综合管护”相衔接的总体治理思路,针对肥水养殖源、面源径流源、底泥内源以及水体污染存量的特点,提出了分类定向施策原则,同时考虑水库库滨带、坝前区、支流及库湾区内的污染特异性,探讨了分区精准治污对策,并提出在截源减负基础上实施水生生物修复调控和采取综合管护措施的相关建议。研究成果可为实现小型水库水质长效达标维持和支撑广大农村地区供水健康管理提供科学依据。

Based on extensive field investigations and a comprehensive analysis of existing literature,we aim to elucidate the distinctive characteristics and identify the primary sources of pollution in small reservoirs across China.Moreover,we examine the factors contributing to the deterioration of water quality and proposes an integrated approach to pollution control and ecosystem restoration,encompassing a framework of“comprehensive pollution control-systematic restoration-integrated management and protection”.To tackle the diverse pollution sources,including fertilizer aquaculture,non-point source runoff,sediment,and water pollution stock,a principle of classified and targeted application is advocated.Furthermore,considering the unique pollution patterns observed in the riparian zones,front dam areas,tributaries,and bay areas,we discuss precise pollution control measures aimed at specific partitions.We also recommend to implement aquatic bioremediation regulations and comprehensive management strategies based upon pollution source interception and load reduction.The findings of this study establish a solid theoretical foundation to maintain the long-term water quality of small reservoirs and support the sustainable water supply management in rural regions.