贵州省北盘江流域喀斯特石漠化变化特征及治理成效分析

Change Characteristics and Control Effect of Karst RockyDesertification in Beipanjiang River Basin of Guizhou Province

量化喀斯特区自2008年启动石漠化综合治理工程以来的成效,旨在为新一轮治理工作提供参考。基于贵州省北盘江流域2010年、2019年两期石漠化数据,通过计算转移矩阵,探讨该流域石漠化变化特征和治理成效。结果表明:①流域石漠化以轻度和中度为主,整体上呈北-中-东部重,西部轻,东南部少的空间格局。②2010—2019年间,石漠化面积减少1071.89 km^(2),占域内喀斯特面积比例从41.14%降至33.20%;中、重度石漠化面积降幅较大,在北部、东部明显减少;石漠化变化类型分布以稳定型为主,改善型次之,退化型面积较少且分布零散。③从坡度看,石漠化集中分布在5°~25°范围,在25°~45°坡度范围减少幅度较大;从海拔看,中、重、极重度石漠化面积在各海拔梯度均减少。研究时段内,石漠化治理以植被恢复为主,多种治理模式并存,取得显著成效。

By quantifying the effectiveness of the comprehensive rock desertification control project in karst areas since its initiation in 2008,we aim to provide insights for future control efforts.Based on data of rocky desertification in the Beipanjiang River Basin in Guizhou Province in 2010 and 2019,we employ methods of transition matrix and overlay analysis to examine the characteristics of rocky desertification changes and the effectiveness of governance in the basin.Results indicate that 1)rocky desertification in the basin is mainly mild to moderate,and exhibits a spatial pattern characterized by heavy distribution in the north,middle,and east,light in the west,and less in the southeast.2)From^(2)010 to 2019,the area of rocky desertification decreased by 1071.89 km^(2),and the proportion of karst area decreased from 41.14%to 33.20%.Moreover,the moderate and severe rocky desertification areas significantly reduced,with conspicuous reductions observed in the north and east parts of the region.The stable type was predominantly featured in chemical change,followed by the improvement type,while the degradation type’s area was smaller,with scattered distribution.3)With respect to slope,rocky desertification is most concentrated in the range of 5°-25°,and the reduction is the most significant in the 25°-45°range.With respect to elevation,the area of moderate,severe,and extremely severe rocky desertification decreased for all elevation gradients.During the study period,vegetation restoration was the principal method used to control rocky desertification,with multiple control modes coexisting.