陕西长青国家级自然保护区大熊猫栖息地特征及其质量提升

Habitat Characteristics of Ailuropoda melanoleucus in Shaanxi Changqing National Nature Reserve

科学全面地分析大熊猫栖息地特征,提升栖息地质量对大熊猫自然保护地管理和保护具有重要意义。本研究采用核密度估计法、聚类和异常值分析工具研究了陕西长青国家级自然保护区大熊猫种群空间分布格局,并从地形、植被类型、植被盖度、植株密度等方面分析了长青保护区大熊猫栖息地特征。结果表明,大熊猫种群核密度高值区位于县坝村北部、洋县国有华阳林场、朝阳村北部以及洋县国有茅坪林场东部;聚类和异常值分析结果表明,大熊猫种群显著性高值聚集区位于县坝村北部、洋县国有华阳林场的东部和西部边界、洋县国有茅坪林场东部以及朝阳村的北部,显著低值聚集区位于洋县国有华阳林场的北部边界;在地形选择上,大熊猫多集中在海拔1400-2500 m的急坡或陡坡,更喜爱在中下坡位和阳坡活动;在植被选择上,大熊猫多栖息在盖度0.6-0.8,植株密度为500-3000株•hm^(-2)的栎林、桦木林、竹林、冷杉林等硬阔林中。基于长青保护区森林资源现状,建议在洋县国有华阳林场的桦木林、栎林、冷杉林和软阔人工林,朝阳村和县坝村的栎林等郁闭度低于0.4的林地补植大熊猫喜食竹种巴山木竹(Bashania fargesii)、秦岭箭竹(Fargesia qinlingensis)等,营建竹乔混交林;在朝阳村、茅坪村以及洋县国有华阳林场的板栗林、杜仲林等不适宜大熊猫栖息的森林群落,开展林分改造。

Scientifically and comprehensively analyzing the habitat characteristics of giant pandas and improving habitat quality is of great practical significance for the management and protection of giant panda nature reserves.This paper applied the nuclear density estimation method,clustering and outlier analysis to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of the giant panda population in Changqing National Nature Reserve,and the vegetation type,coverage and plant density characteristics of the giant panda habitat.The results showed that the areas with high nuclear density of giant panda population were located in the north of Xianba Village,Yangxian State owned Huayang Forest Farm,the north of Chaoyang Village and the east of Yangxian State owned Maoping Forest Farm.The results of clustering and outlier analysis showed that the significant high value aggregation area of giant panda population was located in the north of Xianba Village,the east and west borders of Yangxian State owned Huayang Forest Farm,the east of Yangxian State owned Maoping Forest Farm and the north of Chaoyang Village,and the significant low value aggregation area was located in the north border of Yangxian State owned Huayang Forest Farm.In terms of terrain selection,giant pandas are mostly concentrated on steep slopes or sharp slopes with an altitude of 1400~2500 m,preferring to move in the middle and lower slopes and sunny slopes.In terms of vegetation selection,giant pandas mostly lived in hardwood forests such as oak forest,birch forest,bamboo forest and fir forest with coverage of 0.6~0.8 and plant density of 500~3000 trees per hectare.Based on the current situation of forest resources in Changqing Nature Reserve,the study suggested that the forest land with a canopy density lower than 0.4,such as birch forest,oak forest,fir forest and soft broad plantation in Yangxian State owned Huayang Forest Farm,oak forest in Chaoyang Village and County Ba Village,should have Bashania fargesii,Fargesia qinlingensis planted,etc.,which were the favorite bamboo species of giant pandas,to build mixed bamboo and arbor forests;It was suggested to carry out forest stand transformation in Chaoyang Village,Maoping Village which are unsuitable for giant pandas,such as chestnut forest and eucommia forest in Yangxian State owned Huayang Forest Farm.