雅克萨之战前清政府与沙俄交涉考述

A Review of the Diplomatic Negotiations between the Qing Government and Russia before the Albazin War

雅克萨之战是清王朝为维护边疆安全,带领黑龙江各族人民,反击沙俄入侵,维护北部边疆安全的自卫反击战争。雅克萨之战前清政府与沙俄围绕外交礼仪、国书递送、根特木尔遣返等问题进行了诸多交涉活动,清政府秉持维护边疆安全的立场并进行了卓有成效的外交努力。本文以顺治、康熙两朝沙俄使节来华活动为重点,重点论述清政府与沙俄使节交涉活动的背景、过程,并从增进双方对彼此的了解,体现清政府对沙俄认识的变化,拓宽军事情报获取途径、奠定中俄《尼布楚条约》签订基础等四个方面论述交涉的影响。

The Battle of Albazin was a self-defense and counter-attack war in which the Qing Dynasty led the people of all ethnic groups in Heilongjiang,fought back against the invasion of Russia and maintained the security of the northern border.Before the Battle of Albazin,the Qing government and the Tsarist Russia conducted many negotiations on issues such as diplomatic etiquette,the delivery of national documents,and the repatriation of Ghent Muir.The Qing government upheld the position of maintaining border security and made effective diplomatic efforts.The article focuses on the activities of the Russian envoys during the period of Shunzhi and Kangxi,mainly discusses the background and process of negotiations between the Qing government and the Russian envoys.It also discusses the impact of negotiations from four aspects:enhancing mutual understanding between the two sides,reflecting the changes in the Qing government's understanding of Russia,expanding military intelligence acquisition channels,and laying the foundation for the signing of the the Treaty of Nerchinsk between China and Russia.