六氟磷酸锂全生命周期环境影响评价研究

六氟磷酸锂具有超高的电导率和极强的稳定性,是锂动力电池中最常用的电解质。采用实地调研数据对六氟磷酸锂生产的环境影响进行了生命周期评价。在企业调研的基础上,将六氟磷酸锂生产过程划分为氟化、合成、结晶分离、干燥4个过程,收集了各过程的物质与能量的输入输出数据,构建了六氟磷酸锂生命周期清单;在清单分析的基础上,采用CML-IA baseline指标,利用openLCA和Ecoinvent3.2数据库进行生命周期影响评价,确定每个工艺流程对环境的影响。结果表明:氟化和合成工段对各环境影响指标的贡献较大,因此应对其重点关注,这是减轻六氟磷酸锂生产工艺对环境影响最直接也是最有效的方法。

Lithium hexafluorophosphate is the most commonly used electrolyte for lithium power batteries owing to its ultra-high conductivity and strong stability.In this study,the environmental impact of lithium hexafluorophosphate production was assessed through life cycle assessment(LCA)using field survey data.On the basis of enterprise research,this research divides the production process of lithium hexafluorophosphate into four processes:fluorination process,synthesis process,crystallization separation process,and drying process,collects the input and output data of material and energy in each process,and constructs the life cycle inventory(LCI)of lithium hexafluorophosphate;besides inventory analysis,the CML-IA baseline indicators,the OpenLCA and Ecoinvent 3.2 databases were also used for Life Cycle Impact Assessment(LCIA)to determine the impacts of each process on the environment.The results show that the fluorination and synthesis sections make a great contribution to each environmental impact index,so the fluorination and synthesis sections need to be focused on,which is the most direct and effective way to reduce the environmental impact of the production process of lithium hexafluorophosphate.