拜登经济民族主义:形态、根源及影响

Forms,Roots and Implications of Biden’s Economic Nationalism

拜登政府执政以来,其经贸政策在淡化特朗普民粹主义色彩的同时,继承特朗普经济民族主义内核,通过制度性强化和战略性推进,使贸易保护主义、产业保护主义、技术保护主义和投资保护主义四种形态的经济民族主义政策得到了全面和系统扩张。拜登政府推行经济民族主义的根源是美国社会持续涌动的反全球化思潮、对新自由主义的失望以及对美国制度衰落的担忧,同时美国全力推进大国战略竞争也需要凝聚新共识。拜登经济民族主义政策归根结底是为维护美国霸权地位服务的,但由于相关政策的狭隘性,其必将加剧大国竞争对峙,冲击美国与盟伴缔结同盟的利益基础,并最终损害美国霸权地位。

Since the Biden administration took office,its economic and trade policies have inherited the economic nationalism while downplaying Trump’s populism.Through institutional strengthening and strategic promotion,the economic nationalist policies of trade protectionism,industrial protectionism,technological protectionism,and investment protectionism have been systematically expanded.Biden’s promotion of economic nationalism is rooted in the ongoing anti-globalization trend in American society,frustration with neoliberalism,concern about the American system’s decline,and the need for a new consensus in the United States to promote great power strategic competition.Biden’s policy of economic nationalism serves to maintain the hegemony of the United States,but it is precisely because of the narrowness of his economic nationalism that his economic and trade policy will inevitably aggravate great power competition,impact the interests of the United States and its allies,and ultimately damage its hegemonic status.