化疗期卵巢癌患者照顾者创伤后成长的质性研究

A qualitative study of post-traumatic growth in caregivers of ovarian cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy

目的深入了解化疗期卵巢癌患者照顾者创伤后成长的真实体验。方法选择2021年10月—2022年3月本院肿瘤科11名化疗期卵巢癌患者照顾者作为研究对象,采用现象学研究方法,深入了解化疗期卵巢癌患者照顾者创伤后成长的真实体验。进行半结构式访谈,借助Nvivo11软件整理访谈资料,采用Colaizzi7步分析法分析资料。结果共提炼5个主题:(1)个人力量增强:心理韧性提升、自我效能感增强、责任感增强;(2)有效应对:看到希望,自我调适;(3)社会支持系统增强:家庭内支持系统增强,家庭外支持系统增强;(4)人际关系更加和谐:家庭关系更加亲密,更富有同情心;(5)新的生活理念:重要事物的优先顺序发生变化、更加珍惜生命、改变不良生活方式。结论化疗期卵巢癌患者照顾者在照顾过程中能体验创伤后成长,临床医护人员可从这5个方面出发,与照顾者进行针对性教育与心理疏导,在提供专业的指导的同时,关注家属的积极体验,以全新的视角重新审视自己的生命,挖掘其潜在优势,激发其心理成长动力,使其有效应对创伤事件。

Objective To deeply understand the real experience of post-traumatic growth of caregivers of ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy.Methods 11 caregivers of ovarian cancer patients those receiving chemotherapy during October 2021 and March 2022 in the oncology department of a tertiary hospital in Hefei were selected as study subjects.A phenomenological approach was adopted to explore the real experience of post-traumatic growth of caregivers of ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy.A semi-structured interview was carried out,and the interview data were sorted out with the help of Nvivo11 software,and the data were analyzed by Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method.Results The real experience of post-traumatic growth of caregivers of ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy can be divided into five themes:(1)personal strength enhancement(psychological toughness improvement,self-efficacy enhancement,and responsibility enhancement);(2)effective coping(seeing hope,self-adjustment);(3)social support system enhancement(support system within the family,support system outside the family strengthened);(4)more harmonious interpersonal relationships(family relationships are closer and more compassionate);(5)New life philosophy(change in the priority of important things,cherish life more,change in bad lifestyle).Conclusions Caregivers of ovarian cancer patients during chemotherapy experience post-traumatic growth during care.Clinical medical staff can start from these five aspects to conduct targeted education and psychological counseling with caregivers in the process of care,provide professional guidance while paying attention to the positive experience of family members,re-examine their lives from a new perspective,tap their potential advantages,stimulate their psychological growth motivation,and enable them to effectively respond to traumatic events.