南宋后期理学家的施政主张与地方治理——以真德秀为中心的考察

Neo-confucianists’Policy Propositions and Local Governancein the Late Southern Song Dynasty——An Investigation Centered on Zhen Dexiu

南宋后期,以真德秀为代表的理学家继承朱子学说,积极建构契合理学家社会理想的政教体系。在理论层面,真德秀提出“律己以廉”“抚民以仁”“存心以公”“莅事以勤”的为政纲领,具体制定了地方治理的规章条目,不仅从为官品德上对各级僚属提出了严格的要求,也通过行政规章有效维护了基层秩序的稳定。在实践层面,真德秀将为政纲领贯彻到地方治理中,任职期间赈灾恤困,整军经武,兴建惠民仓、义廪,不断完善社会保障体系。通过荐举和按劾,真德秀将理学家的道德要求与地方官员的考课标准相结合,在一定程度上保障了行政措施的有效执行,推进了理学在基层社会的深入。

In the late Southern Song Dynasty,Neo Confucianism represented by Zhen Dexiu continued to promote the standardization of local governance from the theoretical and practical aspects,following Zhu Xi’s legacy.At the theoretical level,Zhen Dexiu put forward the political program of“self-discipline and honesty”,“appeasing the people with benevolence”,“public mindedness”,and“diligence”,and formulated rules and regulations for local governance,which not only put forward strict requirements for officials’morality at all levels,but also effectively maintained the stability of order through specific and effective administrative measures.At the practical level,Zhen Dexiu carried out famine relief to relieve the people,trained troops to pacify the rebels and strengthened armaments,built the Huimin Warehouse and Yilin,which improved the social security system.Through recommendation and impeachment,Zhen Dexiu combined the social ideals of Neo-Confucians with the examination standards of local officials,and further promoted the socialization process of Neo-Confucianism,which broadened the space for the deepening of Neo-confucianism.