私益信托监察人制度立法正当性之证成——以家族信托为视角

On Proving the Legislative Legitimacy of the System of Private Benefit Trust Supervisors--From the Perspective of Family Trust

家族信托中委托人与受托人之间效用函数不同,必然存在利益冲突。家族信托监察人制度可以有效防止家族信托中的权利逾越及滥用行为,为确保家族信托受托人履行忠实义务及注意义务提供稳定性和可预期的法律遵从和路径指引。在信托法中确立私益信托监察人制度,将大大缩减家族信托设立各个阶段的谈判签约成本;对私益信托监察人的设立、变更及权利、义务、责任进行合理的制度化设计,能够为家族信托委托人设立信托监察人提供制度保障,能够形成家族信托受托人权利行使的有效制衡机制,防范受托人的道德风险与自肥行为,有利于家族信托整体经济效益的增加及信托市场的可信发展。

In family trust,there must be confl ict of interest due to the diff erent utility function between the trustor and the trustee.The family trust supervisor system can effectively prevent the overstepping and abuse of rights in family trusts,and provide stable and predictable legal compliance and path guidance to ensure that family trust trustees can fulfi ll their duty of loyalty and duty of care.Establishing the private trust supervisor system in the trust law will greatly reduce the cost of negotiation and signing at each stage in the establishment of family trust.Taking reasonable institutional design regarding the establishment,change,rights,obligations and responsibilities of private interest trust supervisors can provide institutional guarantee for family trust clients to establish trust supervisors,form an eff ective check and balance mechanism for family trust trustees to exercise their rights,and prevent moral hazard and self-enriching behavior of trustees,which is conducive to the increase of the overall economic benefi t of family trust and the credible development of trust market.