城乡融合发展对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响研究——基于代际效应的调节作用

Research on the impacts of integrated urban-rural development on the willingness of homestead exit:Based on the moderating role of inter-generations

引导农户自愿参与闲置宅基地退出是提高宅基地管理工作质量的有效途径,城乡融合发展为其退出提供了驱动力。基于城乡融合发展和代际效应理论,以福建省建瓯市为例,利用实地调研数据,分析农户闲置宅基地退出意愿,并运用Probit模型、IV-Probit模型和调节效应模型探讨城乡融合发展、农户代际对宅基地退出意愿的影响机理。结果表明,调研地区农户宅基地退出意愿明显,65.77%的农户愿意有偿退出闲置宅基地,追求城市较好的就业发展和公共服务为退出宅基地的主要诱因。人口融合、经济融合对农户宅基地退出意愿有显著促进作用,而土地融合、社会融合对农户宅基地退出意愿有负向抑制作用。村庄异质性分析表明,人口融合发展对近郊型农户退出宅基地有显著促进作用。代际能调节城乡融合发展对农户宅基地退出意愿的影响方向,人口融合、经济融合发展正向提高了新生代农户宅基地退出意愿,土地融合、社会融合发展反向抑制了老一代农户宅基地退出意愿。因此,为推进闲置宅基地退出工作,提出了统筹管理城市住房指标与农村宅基地指标以优化宅基地管理制度,推动宅基地改革成果转化为发展红利和治理实效,提高农户城市融入能力等对策建议。

Guiding farmers to voluntarily exit idle homesteads is an effective way to improve the quality of homestead management,and the integrated development of urban-rural areas provides a driving force for the exit.Based on the theoretical framework of urban-rural integration and intergenerational effects,and applying survey data of Jianou city,Fujian,this study analyzed the willingness to exit from idle homestead,and explores the influence mechanism of the urbanization and farmers'intergeneration on the homestead exit willingness by the Probit,the IV-Probit and the moderation models.Results show that farmers are more willing to exit homesteads,and 65.77%of farmers are willing to exchange the idle homesteads for a payment,and pursuit of better work conditions and public services in the city is the main incentive for them to give up their homesteads.The level of population and economic integration has a significant impact on farmers'willingness to exit their homesteads,while the land and social integration have a negative impact.The heterogeneity analysis indicates that suburban farmers'willingness is significantly influenced by the population integration.Generation can regulate the influence direction of urban-rural integration,the population and economic integration positively improve the willingness of newer generation to quit homesteads,and the land and social integration levels inhibit the exit willingness of the older generation.To promote homestead exit,this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions,including coordinately managing the urban housing permit and rural homestead permit to prioritize homestead management system,promoting the transformation of homestead reform achievement to development dividend and governance effectiveness,and improving farmers'integration ability.