城镇化与粮食生态效率——基于异质性城镇化的理论视角与实证检验

Urbanization and grain eco-efficiency:Theoretical perspective and empirical test based on heterogeneous urbanization

破解粮食生产的资源环境约束、提升粮食生态效率是新形势下全面提高我国粮食安全保障水平的必然选择。根据“城镇化—要素配置—粮食绿色生产”之间的逻辑关系提出理论框架,基于2006—2019年中国31个省(区、市)的面板数据实证分析了城镇化对粮食生态效率的影响,并基于异质性城镇化理论进行分析和检验。结果表明:1)我国粮食生态效率总体水平较低,存在明显的时间波动和区域差异;2)人口城镇化阻碍了粮食生态效率的提高,就地城镇化促进了粮食生态效率的提高,且人口城镇化的影响程度高于就地城镇化;3)在主销区和产销平衡区,人口城镇化对粮食生态效率产生显著的负向影响,而在主产区则表现为显著的正向影响。人口城镇化在主销区对粮食生态效率的负向作用更强,就地城镇化在产销平衡区对粮食生态效率的正向作用更强。因此,应关注城镇化发展路径的差异对粮食生态效率的不同影响,综合考虑不同粮食生产功能区的现实情况采取不同的城镇化推进路径。

It is an inevitable choice to comprehensively improve China's grain security under the new background to break the resource and environmental constraints of food production and improve the grain eco-efficiency.According to the logical relationship of“urbanization-factor distribution-grain eco-production",based on a panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2006 to 2019 and from the theoretical perspective of heterogeneous urbanization,this paper seeks to build a theoretical framework to empirically analyze the impacts of urbanization on green grain production efficiency.Results show:1)the overall level of green production efficiency of grain in China is low,with pronounced time fluctuations and regional differences;2)population urbanization hinders the improvement of the green production efficiency of grain,while in-situ urbanization promotes the improvement of the green production efficiency of grain with lower influences;and 3)in the primary marketing area and the balanced production and marketing area,population urbanization has a significant negative impact on the green production efficiency of grain in the secondary grain-producing areas,while it has a significant positive impact in the primary grain-producing areas.Population urbanization's negative effect on grain's green production efficiency is stronger in the primary marketing area.However,the positive effect of in-situ urbanization on the green production efficiency of grain is stronger in the balanced production and marketing area.In summary,this study suggests:paying attention to the different impacts of different urbanization development paths on the green production efficiency of grain and considering different urbanization promotion paths based on the reality of different grain production functional areas.