要素流动视角下的地方政府竞争与制造业升级

Local Government Competition and Manufacturing Upgrading from the Perspective of Factor Flow

数字政府、机器换人以及智能制造等现象为审视地方政府竞争提供了新视角,也为国内制造业升级提供了新的发展机遇。本文基于2006—2020年283个地级市样本数据,探究地方政府竞争对制造业升级的影响、作用机制及空间效应。研究发现,地方政府竞争能够有效促进制造业升级,并且通过资本、劳动要素流动分别对制造业升级产生显著的正向、负向间接影响;进一步研究发现,劳动要素需要跨越流动规模“临界点”才能对制造业升级产生正向影响;此外,地方政府竞争对其他地区制造业升级、资本要素流动均存在显著的空间溢出效应,对劳动要素流动发挥的空间溢出作用有限,通过要素流动对制造业升级的间接空间溢出效应均不显著。鉴于此,倡导政府间进行“适度竞争”、优化地区资本配置、合理引导劳动力流动并提升人力资本水平是推进制造业升级的有力举措。

Phenomena such as digital government,stream of machine replacing people and intelligent manufacturing provide a new perspective for re-examining local government competition and provide new opportunities for the upgrading of domestic manufacturing industry.This paper uses the data of 283 cities from 2006 to 2020 to explore the impact,mechanism and spatial effect of local government competition on manufacturing upgrading.The results show that local government competition can effectively promote manufacturing upgrading,and it has a significant positive indirect impact on manufacturing upgrading through capital factor flow,but a significant negative indirect impact through labor factor flow.Further research finds that labor factors need to cross the"critical point"of the flow scale to have a positive impact on manufacturing upgrading.In addition,local government competition has a significant spatial spillover effect on manufacturing upgrading and capital flow,a limited spatial spillover effect on labor flow and an inconspicuous indirect spatial spillover effects on manufacturing upgrading through factor flow.In view of this,the powerful measures to promote manufacturing upgrading are advocating for the"appropriate competition"between governments,optimizing capital allocation between regions,reasonably guiding labor flow and improving human capital levels.