不同年份多环境条件下粒用高粱叶部性状的遗传分析

Genetic Analysis of Leaf Traits of Grain Sorghum in Different Years and Multiple Environments

叶部性状是粒用高粱重要的农艺性状,对提高高粱光合效率及株型育种适应机械化收获有着重要意义。为进一步探究粒用高粱叶部性状的遗传机制及不同环境下性状间的相互作用,本试验以植株矮小且叶片上冲、叶夹角较小的粒用高粱品种‘美引20’和植株较高且叶片披散具有较大叶夹角的‘忻梁52’为亲本配置杂交组合,对叶片数、叶夹角、叶长、叶宽、叶面积进行田间数据统计分析及遗传分析。研究表明:叶片数与叶夹角、叶长与叶宽以及叶宽与叶面积在3个环境中均呈极显著正相关,其他性状在3个环境下的相关性存在差异;叶片数在2019年天津静海和2020年天津宁河的最适遗传模型均为Model A_1;叶夹角在2019年天津静海和2019年天津宁河的最适遗传模型均为Model B_1;叶长在2019年天津静海和2020年天津宁河的最适遗传模型均为Model B_6;叶宽在2019年天津宁河和2020年天津宁河的最适遗传模型均为Model A_4;叶面积在2019年天津静海和2019年天津宁河的最适遗传模型均为Model A_1。3个环境下的群体叶部性状均为主多基因控制的数量遗传性状,主基因遗传率因环境的不同而改变。

Leaf traits are important agronomic traits of grain sorghum,which are of great significance for improving the photosynthetic efficiency of sorghum and adapting plant type breeding to mechanized harvesting.In order to further explore the genetic mechanism of the leaf traits of grain sorghum and the interaction between different traits in different environments,in this experiment,the hybrid combination of the seed sorghum variety‘Meiyin20’,which has short plants,upshoots and small leaf angles,and‘Xinliang52’,which has taller plants,scattered leaves and larger leaf angles.Statistical analysis of field data and genetic analysis of leaf number,leaf angle,leaf length,leaf width,and leaf area.Studies have shown that the number of leaves and the angle of leaves,the length and width of the leaves,and the width and area of the leaves are all significantly positively correlated in three environments,and the correlations of other traits in the three environments are different.The optimal genetic model for the number of leaves in Tianjin Jinghai in 2019 and Tianjin Ninghe in 2020 is Model A_1.The most suitable genetic model of leaf angle in Tianjin Jinghai in 2019 and Tianjin Ninghe in 2019 are Model B_1.The optimal genetic model for leaf length in Jinghai and Tianjin Ninghe in 2020 are Model B_6.The optimal genetic models for leaf width in Tianjin Ninghe in 2019 and Tianjin Ninghe in 2020 are Model A_4.The most suitable genetic models for leaf area in Tianjin Jinghai in 2019 and Tianjin Ninghe in 2019 are Model A_1.The leaf traits of the populations in the three environments are all quantitatively inherited traits controlled by the main polygene,and the heritability of the main gene changes due to different environments.