欧洲教育数字化转型的缘起、现状和实现路径

The Origin,Status Quo and Realization Path of Digital Transformation of Education in Europe

教育数字化转型是当前全球教育改革的潮流与趋势,各国政府纷纷提出本国的教育数字化转型战略。在各个类型和层级的教育中,教育数字化转型被看作是提高教育质量和促进教育公平的政策工具或者教学“利器”。技术的迅猛发展,世界格局的变化,以及三年疫情加速了数字化在教育领域中的实践与应用。欧洲从最早的“博洛尼亚进程”的提出到后来的欧洲高等教育区成型,以及未来更加雄心勃勃的欧洲教育区的筹建,技术赋能教育的作用不可小觑。技术的发展与改革的需要为教育数字化转型提供了动因。欧洲教育数字化转型经过理论探讨、政策制定到项目实施几个阶段,对其内涵与价值理解日趋明确。随着两次教育数字化转型行动计划的颁布,欧洲国家很多大学纷纷在教学和管理中采用数字化手段,教育数字化转型取得一定进展。虽然不少教师认可教育数字化转型的作用和影响,也看到其渗透到教学各方面的趋势不可阻挡,但由于受到传统观念、技术支持和院校政策等因素影响,在教学中应用数字化的意愿与水平仍面临挑战和有一定差距。西方学者所提出的教育数字化转型罗盘,总结了教育数字化实现的路径,对于中国院校层面落实智慧赋能教育和数字化转型成功具有启示和借鉴作用。

Digital transformation(DT)of education is the curent trend of global education reform,and governments across the world have put forward their own strategies for it.In all types and levels of education,DT is seen as a policy tool or pedagogical“sharp weapon”to improve education quality and promote educational equity.The rapid development of technology,the changing world landscape,and the three-year epidemic have accelerated the practice and application of DT in education.From the earliest days of the Bologna Process in Europe to the formation of the European Higher Education Area(EHEA)and the more ambitious European Education Area(EEA)in the future,the role of technology in empowering education cannot be underestimated.The development of technology and the need for reform have provided the motivation for the DT of education,and the DT of education in Europe has gone through several stages of theoretical discussion,policy formulation and project implementation,and the understanding of its meaning and value has become increasingly clear.With the promulgation of two action plans for DT of education,many European universities have adopted digital means in teaching and management,and the DT of education has made some progress.Although many teachers recognize the role and impact of DT in education and see the unstoppable trend of its penetration into all aspects of teaching and learning,the willingness and level of digital application in teaching and learning still face challenges and have certain gaps due to traditional concepts,technical support and institutional policies etc.The compass of educational DT proposed by Western scholars summarizes the realization paths of education digitalization,which is enlightening and worth learning from for the implementation of digital empowerment education and successful DTintheinstitutions inChina.