大学章程建设:现状、国际经验及发展策略

University Charter Construction:Current Situation,International Experience and Development Strategy

大学章程是大学治理的基础。与英、法等国相比,我国大学章程建设起步较晚,其现状是:大学章程建设日渐被重视,但其重要意义和法律地位尚未被充分认识;大学章程建设逐步开展起来,但大学内部治理结构及与外部主体间的关系还不够明晰;大学章程建设重复雷同现象逐步减少,但还未充分彰显学校特色;大学章程内容日趋规范,但程序缺失的状况有待改善。借鉴美国、英国和加拿大等国大学章程建设的经验,今后我国大学章程建设需要从几个方面寻求突破:提高对章程重要性的认识,明确章程法律地位;明晰高校内部治理结构,理顺大学外部法律关系;重视章程文本建设,彰显学校特色与个性;明确章程的制定和修改程序,确保章程与时俱进。

The university charter is the foundation of university governance.Compared with the United Kingdom,France and other countries,the construction of university charter in China started late.The current situation is:the construction of the university charter has received increasing attention,but its significance and legal status have not been fully recognized;the construction of the university charter is gradually conducted,but the internal governance structure and the relationship between the universities and the external entities are not yet clear;the phenomenon of duplication and identical charter construction is gradually decreasing,but the university characteristics have not yet been fully demonstrated;the content of the charter is increasingly standardized,but the lack of procedures needs to be improved.Drawing on the experience of the United States,the United Kingdom and Canada,the future construction of university charter in China needs to increase awareness of the importance of charter construction,clarify its legal status;crystallize the internal governance structure of universities,and the external legal relations of universities;attach importance to the charter text construction to highlight the characteristics of the universities;nail down the procedures for formulating and amending the charter to ensure that the articles advance with the times.