“算法依赖症”及其对国家治理现代化的影响

“Algorithm Dependence”and Its Implications for the Modernization of National Governance

国家治理现代化分为国家治理体系现代化和国家治理能力现代化两个不可分割的维度。算法既是一种国家实力,可以归于国家治理体系,同时也是一种国家治理能力,是指人运用算法技术进行国家治理的一种复杂能力。在运用算法技术进行国家治理的过程中,行政官僚体系发挥着至关重要的作用。尽管算法技术在一定程度上体现了国家治理体系现代化的水平,但行政官僚体系在传统理念下依然会以行政垂直命令嵌入算法治理实践,从而强化了行政命令的强制性,导致算法治理实践中的“算法依赖症”和作为治理主客体的人的“能力停滞”。这两种情形都与国家治理能力现代化的内容和目标背道而驰。因此,摆脱“算法依赖症”和消除“能力停滞”成为提升国家治理能力现代化水平的重要内容。“算法依赖症”引发的深层次问题实际上是人与技术的关系问题,即技术是解放人类的工具,还是解决人类的“新人类”?这个问题已经现实地摆在我们面前,需要从伦理与法律两个方面来思考技术发展和人类未来的问题。

The modernization of national governance is divided into two inseparable dimensions:the modernization of the national governance system and the national governance capacity.The algorithm is both a kind of national strength that can be attributed to the national governance system and a kind of national governance ability,which refers to a complex of abilities of people to use algorithmic technology for national governance.In the process of applying algorithmic technology to national governance,the administrative bureaucracy plays a crucial role.Although algorithmic technology has to some extent demonstrated the modernization level of the national governance system,the administrative bureaucratic system still embeds administrative vertical orders into algorithmic governance practices under traditional concepts.As a result,algorithmic technology strengthens the enforcement ability of administrative orders,inevitably leading to“algorithmic dependency”in algorithmic governance practices and“stagnation of the ability”of officials as the governing subject and object.Both of these situations run counter to the content and objectives of modernization of national governance capacity.This is also the biggest confusion about the modernization of national governance capacity in the practice of algorithmic governance.Therefore,getting rid of“algorithmic dependency”and eliminating“capacity stagnation”have become important elements in upgrading the modernization level of national governance capacity.The deep-seated problem caused by“algorithmic dependency”is actually the relationship between humans and technology:whether technology is a tool for liberating humans or a“new human”for solving them.This issue has been put before humanity realistically,requiring countries to consider the development of technology and the future of humanity from both ethical and legal perspectives.