一氧化氮在延缓农产品采后衰老中的作用机制

The Mechanism of Nitric Oxide in Delaying Post-harvest Senescence of Agricultural Products

一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)对于缓解采后农产品的衰老、减少农产品储藏过程中的损失发挥重要作用。众多研究表明,NO可以延缓农产品衰老,在提高保鲜品质方面具有巨大应用潜力。因此,研究NO在农产品衰老过程中所发挥的作用及其机制,能为深入研发NO作为农产品采后保鲜剂提供理论依据。本文主要讨论了NO在延缓农产品采后衰老中的作用机制。延缓农产品采后衰老过程中NO主要通过硝酸还原酶(nitrate reductase,NR)和NO合酶(NO synthase-like,NOS)两种途径产生。在实际生产中,NO主要的提供形式有硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)、S-亚硝基-N-乙酰基-DL-青霉胺(S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D-penicillamine,SNAP)、S-亚硝基谷胱甘肽(S-nitrosoglutathione,GSNO)和NO气体熏蒸。NO主要通过调节ROS代谢及增强抗氧化系统、减缓呼吸代谢、激活细胞壁代谢、抑制乙烯合成和促进能量代谢等途径和机制来延缓农产品衰老。最后,深入探讨了NO在农产品采后衰老过程中与其他信号分子,例如褪黑素(melatonin,MT)、乙烯(ethylene,ETH)、氢气(hydrogen gas,H_(2))、硫化氢(hydrogen sulfide,H_(2)S)、过氧化氢(hydrogen peroxide,H_(2)O_(2))和钙离子(calcium ion,Ca^(2+))相互作用进而调控衰老。本文旨在为利用NO延缓农产品衰老和提高储藏品质,以及农产品采后保鲜剂的研发等相关研究提供参考。

Nitric oxide(NO)is essential for reducing post-harvest product senescence and storage losses.NO may slow down the senescence of agricultural products and improve their quality,suggestive of its great potential in the postharvest preservation of agricultural products.The development of NO as a post-harvest preservative is supported by the investigation of its role and mechanism in agricultural product ageing.In this review,the mechanisms of NO in the post-harvest senescence of agricultural products were explored.NO is produced mainly via the nitrate reductase(NR)and NO synthase-like(NOS)pathways.Usually,NO donors include sodium nitroprusside(SNP),S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine(SNAP),S-nitrosoglutathione(GSNO)and NO gas fumigation.NO delays agricultural product senescence by regulating ROS metabolism,enhancing antioxidant activity,reducing respiration,activating cell wall metabolism,inhibiting ethylene synthesis,and promoting energy metabolism.Melatonin(MT),ethylene(ETH),hydrogen gas(H_(2)),hydrogen sulfide(H_(2)S),hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2))and calcium ion(Ca^(2+))may interact with NO to further regulate agricultural product ageing.This review may provide a reference for the use of NO to delay senescence,improve storage quality,and develop post-harvest preservatives for agricultural products.